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This is an incomplete list of Dutch expressions used in English; some are relatively common (e.g. cookie), some are comparatively rare.In a survey by Joseph M. Williams in Origins of the English Language it is estimated that about 1% of English words are of Dutch origin.
The Spelling Act gives the Committee of Ministers of the Dutch Language Union the authority to determine the spelling of Dutch by ministerial decision. In addition, the law requires that this spelling be followed "at the governmental bodies, at educational institutions funded from the public purse, as well as at the exams for which legal ...
The earliest attestation of the use of either x or o to indicate kisses identified by the Oxford English Dictionary appears in the English novellist Florence Montgomery's 1878 book Seaforth, which mentions "This letter [...] ends with the inevitable row of kisses,—sometimes expressed by × × × × ×, and sometimes by o o o o o o, according to the taste of the young scribbler".
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Yankee does not originate from the Cherokee word eankke meaning "coward". The word does not exist in the Cherokee language. It also does not come from a native tribe called the Yankoo meaning "invincible". No tribe has existed under that name. The word actually probably has Dutch origins. [92]
It is also used in the Afrikaans language. The Dutch news site and virtual community FOK! uses this word as its name. Also used in Afrikaans. fuck: Fuck is an English loan word and is a common expletive, sometimes spelled fock as a merger between the English and the Dutch words. Its adjective "fucking" is also commonly in use.
In Middle Dutch, gh was often used to represent /ɣ/ (the voiced velar fricative) before e , i , and y . This usage survives in place names such as Ghent. The spelling of English word ghost with a gh (from Middle English gost) was likely influenced by the Middle Dutch spelling gheest (Modern Dutch geest).
Van Dale Groot woordenboek van de Nederlandse taal, first published in 1874 and today in its 16th edition, is the best-known Dutch language dictionary. There are also two notable Dutch word lists (spelling dictionaries): het Groene Boekje, the "Green Booklet", the official Dutch orthography published by the Dutch Language Union since 1954