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Factors furthering the east-west split included the Western adoption of the filioque with the Roman Church's unilateral acceptance of it without the approval of an Ecumenical council, and the pope's usage of a forged document, the so-called Donation of Constantine, to support his authority against the Eastern Church.
The Byzantine Papacy was a period of return to Imperial domination of the papacy from 537 to 752, when popes required the approval of the Byzantine Emperors for episcopal consecration, and many popes were chosen from the apocrisiarii (liaisons from the pope to the emperor) or the inhabitants of Byzantine Greece, Syria, or Sicily.
Saint Peter, the first Pope, with the Keys of Heaven.By Francesco del Cossa, currently at the Pinacoteca di Brera.. Papacy in early Christianity was the period in papal history between 30 AD, when according to Catholic doctrine, Saint Peter effectively assumed his pastoral role as the Visible Head of the Church, until the pontificate of Miltiades, in 313, when Peace in the Church began.
The Tractate was ratified and subscribed by this assembly as an appendix to the Augsburg Confession, which did not have a specific article dealing with the office of the papacy. Defining their stance on the papacy was deemed important by the Lutherans as they faced the impending church council that would ultimately meet as the Council of Trent.
15th-century watercolor illustration in Vaticinia de Summis Pontificibus. A series of manuscript prophecies concerning the Papacy, under the title of Vaticinia de Summis Pontificibus, a Latin text which assembles portraits of popes and prophecies related to them, [1] circulated from the late thirteenth-early fourteenth century, with prophecies concerning popes from Pope Nicholas III onwards.
The History of The Scottish Nation in 3 volumes (1886) online pdf; The Papacy is the Antichrist - A Demonstration (1888) online pdf; Historical Sketch of the Free Church of Scotland; Wylie JA, ed. Life and Missionary Travels of the Rev. J. Furniss Ogle M.A., from His Letters. Ogle JF. Cambridge Library Collection - Religion.
Orthodoxy and the Roman papacy: Ut Unum Sint and the prospects of East-West unity. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press. ISBN 978-0-268-02607-3. Chapman, John (1928). Studies on the early Papacy. London: Sheed & Ward. OCLC 422117622. Empie, Paul C.; Murphy, T. Austin, eds. (1974). Papal primacy and the universal church. Lutherans and ...
The meeting of Attila (left with barbarian troops) with Pope Leo I (right), the most notable pope of late antiquity. By Raphael, 1514. The Papacy in late antiquity was a period in papal history between 313, when the Peace in the Church began, and the pontificate of Simplicius in 476, when the Roman Empire of the West fell.