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Abraham [a] was a prophet and messenger [5] [6] of God according to Islam, and an ancestor to the Ishmaelite Arabs and Israelites. [5] [7] Abraham plays a prominent role as an example of faith in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. [5]
Muhammad, the final Islamic prophet, was born and lived in Mecca for the first 53 years of his life (c. 570–622 CE) until the Hijra. This period of his life is characterized by his proclamation of prophethood. Muhammad's father, Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib, died before he was born.
Muhammad [a] (c. 570 – 8 June 632 CE) [b] was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. [c] According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets.
630: Death of Umm Kulthum daughter of Muhammad and wife of Uthman. 631: Expedition to Tabouk, Ghassanids. 631: Death of Muhammad's son Ibrahim ibn Muhammad from Maria al-Qibtiyya. 631 or 632, tribe of Thaqif adopts Islam. 632: 6 March – Farewell pilgrimage at Mecca. 632: 8 June – Death of Muhammad. Death of Fatimah, his daughter.
100 BCE - "Yemeni tribes of Jurham rule Mecca." [1] 570 CE - Year of the Elephant and the birth of Muhammad. 605 CE - Quraish rebuild Kaaba after it was damaged in floods. [2] 613 CE - Muhammad starts preaching publicly in Mecca. [3] 622 CE / 0-1 H - Muhammad migrates from Mecca to Medina, with followers . [4]
Next year, at the direction of Muhammad, Abu Bakr led 300 Muslims to the pilgrimage in Mecca where Ali delivered a sermon stipulating the new rites of Hajj and abrogating the pagan rites. He especially declared that no unbeliever, pagan, and naked man would be allowed to circumambulate the Kaaba from the next year. [ 8 ]
The date Muhammad set out for Mecca is variously given as 2, 6 or 10 Ramadan 8 AH. [3] The date Muhammad entered Mecca is variously given as 10, 17/18, 19 or 20 Ramadan 8 AH. [3] The conversion of these dates to the Julian calendar depends on what assumptions are made about the calendar in use in Mecca at the time.
Several armed confrontations followed, along with the Muslims attempting a return pilgrimage to Mecca in 628, as directed by one of the revelations. [2] They were rejected by the Quraysh, but the Meccans did agree to a truce, and the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah had a provision that the Muslims could return peacefully to Mecca for a pilgrimage in 629.