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Classical economists such as David Ricardo proposed a labour theory of value that states there is a direct correlation between the value of a good and the labour required to produce the good, concluding "The value of a commodity, or the quantity of any other commodity for which it will exchange, depends on the relative quantity of labour which is necessary for its production, and not on the ...
The encouragement of surplus-property disposal. Greater levels of assistance to small businesses. Improvements in federal aid to war veterans. A major expansion of public works, conserving and building up natural resources. The encouragement of post-war reconstruction and settling the obligations of the Lend-Lease Act.
Surplus product (German: Mehrprodukt) is a concept theorised by Karl Marx in his critique of political economy.Roughly speaking, it is the extra goods produced above the amount needed for a community of workers to survive at its current standard of living.
Jouissance (pronounced ⓘ) is a French language term held untranslatable into English.. In continental philosophy and psychoanalysis, jouissance is the transgression of a subject's regulation of pleasure.
The surplus-value produced by prolongation of the working day, I call absolute surplus-value. On the other hand, the surplus-value arising from the curtailment of the necessary labour-time, and from the corresponding alteration in the respective lengths of the two components of the working day, I call relative surplus-value.
In 20th-century discussions of Karl Marx's economics, the transformation problem is the problem of finding a general rule by which to transform the "values" of commodities (based on their socially necessary labour content, according to his labour theory of value) into the "competitive prices" of the marketplace.
Government property sold at public auction may include surplus government equipment, abandoned property over which the government has asserted ownership, property which has passed to the government by escheat, government land, and intangible assets over which the government asserts authority, such as broadcast frequencies sold through a spectrum auction.
In mainstream economics, economic surplus, also known as total welfare or total social welfare or Marshallian surplus (after Alfred Marshall), is either of two related quantities: Consumer surplus , or consumers' surplus , is the monetary gain obtained by consumers because they are able to purchase a product for a price that is less than the ...