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Osmium is a hard, brittle, blue-gray metal, and the densest stable element—about twice as dense as lead. The density of osmium is slightly greater than that of iridium; the two are so similar (22.587 versus 22.562 g/cm 3 at 20 °C) that each was at one time considered to
— "Values ranging from 21.3 to 21.5 gm/cm 3 at 20 °C have been reported for the density of annealed platinum; the best value being about 21.45 gm/cm 3 at 20 °C." 21.46 g/cm 3 — Rose, T. Kirke. The Precious Metals, Comprising Gold, Silver and Platinum .
Note A at Iridium says "At room temperature and standard atmospheric pressure, iridium has been calculated to have a density of 22.65 g/cm3 (0.818 lb/cu in), 0.04 g/cm3 (0.0014 lb/cu in) higher than osmium measured the same way.
These toxic chemicals are avoided today in consideration of the fact that there are alternative water based, non-toxic heavy liquids like sodium polytungstate solutions. [1] With this relatively new heavy liquid densities up to 3.1 g·cm −3 can be adjusted . Adding parts of pulverulent tungsten carbide increases the density to 4.6 g·cm −3. [2]
Thus a relative density less than one relative to water means that the substance floats in water. The density of a material varies with temperature and pressure. This variation is typically small for solids and liquids but much greater for gases. Increasing the pressure on an object decreases the volume of the object and thus increases its density.
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Osmium is denser by about 0.1%. See iridium#Characteristics which discusses the issue and provides some references. --Itub 16:50, 23 September 2008 (UTC) I updated the ranking and densities of osmium and iridium as per their respective articles. Unfortunately I suspect the degree of accuracy required to split these two elements means that the ...
Synthesis occurs at high temperatures (~1000 °C) from a mixture of MgB 2 and OsCl 3. [37] Three osmium borides are known: OsB, Os 2 B 3 and OsB 2. The first two have hexagonal structure, [38] similar to that of rhenium diboride. Osmium diboride was first also sought as hexagonal, [39] but one of its phases was later reassigned to orthorhombic.