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Bismuth subsalicylate, sold generically as pink bismuth and under brand names including Pepto-Bismol, Pepti-Calm and BisBacter, is a medication used to treat temporary discomfort of the stomach and gastrointestinal tract. This includes an upset stomach, heartburn or other similar symptoms.
Antimotility agents are drugs used to alleviate the symptoms of diarrhea. These include loperamide (Imodium), bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol), [1] diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil), and opiates such as paregoric, tincture of opium, codeine, and morphine.
Bismuth subsalicylate is an antimicrobial agent of another drug class that can also be used to eradicate H. pylori for treating PUD. Agents for suppressing gastric acid secretion are proton-pump inhibitors (PPI), such as lansoprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole, omeprazole and esomeprazole.
While usually due to aspirin, other possible causes include oil of wintergreen and bismuth subsalicylate. [2] Excess doses can be either on purpose or accidental. [1] Small amounts of oil of wintergreen can be toxic. [2] Diagnosis is generally based on repeated blood tests measuring aspirin levels and blood gases. [1]
Bismuth subcitrate potassium is a salt of bismuth (Bi 3+), potassium (K +) and citrate (C 6 H 4 O 4− 7) in a molar ratio of about 1:5:2, with 3 moles of water. It contains about 25.6% (mass percent) bismuth, which is the active moiety, and 22.9% potassium. [3] [4] Other sources give somewhat different ratios of the constituents.
Bismuth subsalicylate four times daily reduces rates of travelers' diarrhea. [2] [27] Though many travelers find a four-times-per-day regimen inconvenient, lower doses are not effective. [2] [27] Potential side effects include black tongue, black stools, nausea, constipation, and ringing in the ears.
A common artificial sweetener may trigger insulin spikes that lead to the build up of fatty plaques in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes, a new study in mice indicates.
Attapulgite (a type of absorbent clay) replaced the kaolinite in the 1980s, but was banned by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in a ruling made in April 2003. As a consequence, since 2004, bismuth subsalicylate has been used as the active ingredient in U.S. marketed products. [ 2 ]