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Bismuth poisoning can occur and has according to some reports been common in relatively recent times. [108] [110] As with lead, bismuth poisoning can result in the formation of a black deposit on the gingiva, known as a bismuth line. [111] [112] [113] Poisoning may be treated with dimercaprol; however, evidence for benefit is unclear. [114] [115]
It can cause a black tongue and black stools in some users of the drug when it combines with trace amounts of sulfur in saliva and the colon to form bismuth sulfide. [7] Bismuth sulfide is a highly insoluble black salt, and the discoloration seen is temporary and harmless. Long-term use (more than six weeks) may lead to accumulation and ...
Diosmectite (brand names Smecta, Smecdral) is a natural silicate of aluminium and magnesium used as an intestinal adsorbent in the treatment of several gastrointestinal diseases, including infectious and non-infectious acute and chronic diarrhoea, including irritable bowel syndrome diarrhea subtype.
Anti-inflammatory compounds such as bismuth subsalicylate. Anticholinergics reduce intestinal movement and are effective against both diarrhoea and accompanying cramping. Opioids' classical use besides pain relief is as an anti-diarrhoeal drug. Opioids have agonist actions on the intestinal opioid receptors, which when activated cause constipation.
Bismuth produces other bismuth salts, which blocks the binding and proliferation of bacteria in stomach mucosal cells, leading to a decrease in inflammation in the intestine. [9] Also, BSS inhibits cyclooxygenase enzyme and leads to a decrease in the production of prostaglandins, which are compounds that increase intestinal inflammation and ...
Yellow dragon fruit shouldn’t cause bloating, cramping or diarrhea, Largeman-Roth says. But Taub-Dix still recommends consuming it in moderation, especially if you don’t get enough fiber most ...
[2] [27] Potential side effects include black tongue, black stools, nausea, constipation, and ringing in the ears. Bismuth subsalicylate should not be taken by those with aspirin allergy, kidney disease, or gout, nor concurrently with certain antibiotics such as the quinolones, and should not be taken continuously for more than three weeks.
Anything that can cause pain with stooling (hemorrhoids, perineal tear, episiotomy) can lead to constipation because patients may withhold from having a bowel movement so as to avoid pain. [65] The pelvic floor muscles play an important role in helping pass a bowel movement.