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The presence of a few small ("hard") drusen is normal with advancing age, and most people over 40 have some hard drusen. [1] However, the presence of larger and more numerous drusen in the macula is a common early sign of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
The incidence of age-related macular degeneration and its associated features increases with age and is low in people <55 years of age. [101] Smoking is the strongest modifiable risk factor. [102] As of 2008, age-related macular degeneration accounts for more than 54% of all vision loss in the white population in the US. [103]
Certain conditions have been associated with disc drusen such as retinitis pigmentosa, angioid streaks, Usher syndrome, Noonan syndrome [23] and Alagille syndrome. [1] [24] Optic disc drusen are not related to Bruch membrane drusen of the retina which have been associated with age-related macular degeneration. [6]
Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration or AMD, is an incurable eye disease that damages the middle part of the retina that's known as the macula, ...
The macula (/ˈmakjʊlə/) [1] or macula lutea is an oval-shaped pigmented area in the center of the retina of the human eye and in other animals. The macula in humans has a diameter of around 5.5 mm (0.22 in) and is subdivided into the umbo , foveola , foveal avascular zone , fovea , parafovea , and perifovea areas.
Age-Related Macular Degeneration is a degenerative maculopathy associated with progressive sight loss. It is characterised by changes in pigmentation in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium, the appearance of drusen on the retina of the eye and choroidal neovascularization. AMD has two forms; 'dry' or atrophic/non-exudative AMD, and 'wet' or ...
Fundus of geographic atrophy. Geographic atrophy (GA), also known as atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or advanced dry AMD, is an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration that can result in the progressive and irreversible loss of retinal tissue (photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, choriocapillaris) which can lead to a loss of central vision over time.
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