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Basin map of Ethiopia with flood-prone extents. Ethiopia has 12 basins, of which 8 are basins, 1 is a lake basin with perennial rivers and 3 are dry basins. Most major rivers are of a transboundary nature and cross-border. Many parts of these river basins are affected by prominent flash floods and river floods. [3]
They cover an area of about 600,000 km 2 in Yemen and Ethiopia, with an estimated volume of greater than 350,000 km 3. [1] They are associated with the Afar Plume and the initiation of rifting in the southern Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. [2] In Ethiopia flood basalts cover an old erosion surface with occasional flat areas or peneplains.
The Alaji Basalts are the uppermost Tertiary flood basalts in Ethiopia. Locally they are covered by Pliocene shield volcanoes, such as the Simien Mountains, or Mount Guna. These flows have been deposited on the lower Ashangi Basalts and locally on intra-volcanic sedimentary rock.
The topographic surveying was provided by soldiers from the 64th Engineer Battalion, 29th Engineer Company, and the project was known as the Ethiopia-United States Mapping Mission. Using the survey data from the Mapping Mission, The Army Map Service/Topocom completed the photogrammetric map compilation and cartographic map finishing operations. [3]
A map of the Atbara River drainage basin. Mareb River (or Gash River) (only reaches the Atbarah in times of flood) . Obel River; Belessa; Tekezé River (or Takkaze or Setit) . Zarima River
Tigray Escarpment in northern Ethiopia exposing the layers of the Ethiopia-Yemen Continental Flood Basalts. The geology of Ethiopia includes rocks of the Neoproterozoic East African Orogeny, Jurassic marine sediments and Quaternary rift-related volcanism. Events that greatly shaped Ethiopian geology is the assembly and break-up of Gondwana and ...
The Bale Mountains are separated from the larger part of the Ethiopian highlands by the Great Rift Valley, one of the longest and most profound chasms in Ethiopia. The highest peaks of that range include Tullu Demtu , the second-highest mountain in Ethiopia (4,377 m or 14,360 ft), Batu (4,307 m or 14,131 ft), Chilalo (4,036 m or 13,241 ft) and ...
The rainy season tends to be bimodal towards eastern Ethiopia and almost unimodal towards western Ethiopia. The time between October and March is a dry season, called Bega. [9] Semi-arid to arid conditions prevail in the Rift Valley. In contrast, the highlands partly receive more than 1,600 millimetres (63 in) of rainfall in ca. six months per ...