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Particulate matter (PM), particularly PM2.5, was found to be harmful to aquatic invertebrates. [41] These aquatic invertebrates include fish, crustaceans, and Mollusca. In a study by Han et al, the effects of PM<2.5 micrometers on life history traits and oxidative stress were observed in Tigriopus japonicus.
The guidelines stipulate that PM 2.5 should not exceed 5 μg/m 3 annual mean, or 15 μg/m 3 24-hour mean; and that PM 10 should not exceed 15 μg/m 3 annual mean, or 45 μg/m 3 24-hour mean. [2] For ozone (O 3), the guidelines suggest values no higher than 100 μg/m 3 for an 8-hour mean and 60 μg/m 3 peak season mean. [2]
Particulates or atmospheric particulate matter (see below for other names) are microscopic particles of solid or liquid matter suspended in the air.The term aerosol refers to the particulate/air mixture, as opposed to the particulate matter alone, [1] though it is sometimes defined as a subset of aerosol terminology. [2]
For example, the yearly averages of NO 2, PM 10 and PM 2.5 are divided by 40 μg/m 3, 40 μg/m 3 and 20 μg/m 3, respectively. The overall background or traffic YACAQI for a city is the arithmetic mean of a defined subset of these sub-indices.
0.5 ppm (1,300 μg/m 3) 3-hour Not to be exceeded more than once per year 40 CFR 50.5: Particulate matter (PM 10) Primary and Secondary 150 μg/m 3: 24-hour Not to be exceeded more than once per year on average over 3 years 40 CFR 50.6: Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) Primary 9.0 μg/m 3 (12 μg/m 3 prior to May 6, 2024) [25] annual
December 5, 2024 at 4:38 PM. ... “When you say PM2.5 or NOx or SO2 (all pollutants), what are these words? They mean nothing to [ordinary] people." In his 2016 book, The Great Derangement ...
PM 2.5 AQI of US monitors, calculated utilizing NowCast, courtesy US EPA PM2.5 AQI map, calculated utilizing NowCast, courtesy US EPA. The PM (particulate matter) NowCast is a weighted average of hourly air monitoring data used by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for real-time reporting of the Air Quality Index (AQI) for PM (PM 10 - particles less than 10 micrometers ...
Long-term exposure to PM 2.5 (fine particulates) increases the overall risk of non-accidental mortality by 6% per 10 μg/m 3 increase. Exposure to PM 2.5 is also associated with an increased risk of mortality from lung cancer (range: 15–21% per 10 μg/m 3 increase) and total cardiovascular mortality (range: 12–14% per 10 μg/m 3 increase ...