Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
TUNEL is a method for detecting apoptotic DNA fragmentation, widely used to identify and quantify apoptotic cells, or to detect excessive DNA breakage in individual cells. [3] The assay relies on the use of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), an enzyme that catalyzes attachment of deoxynucleotides, tagged with a fluorochrome or another ...
This classification system breaks up the trichothecene family into four groups: Type A, B, C, and D. Type A trichothecenes have hydroxyl or O-linked ester substitutions around the core ring structure. [8] Common examples of these are neosolaniol with a hydroxyl substitution at carbon 8, and T-2 toxin with an ester substitution at carbon 8.
It was initially proposed that the stabilization was due to water molecules forming a hydrogen bonding network linking the prolyl hydroxyl groups and the main-chain carbonyl groups. [6] It was subsequently shown that the increase in stability is primarily through stereoelectronic effects and that hydration of the hydroxyproline residues ...
This can be done using H 2 O 2, ascorbic acid, and Fe(II)-EDTA complex. These reagents form a system that generates hydroxyl radicals through Fenton chemistry. The hydroxyl radicals can then react with the nucleic acid molecules. [17] Hydroxyl radicals attack the ribose/deoxyribose ring and this results in breaking of the sugar-phosphate backbone.
A bioassay is an analytical method to determine the potency or effect of a substance by its effect on living animals or plants (in vivo), or on living cells or tissues (in vitro). [1] [2] A bioassay can be either quantal or quantitative, direct or indirect. [3] If the measured response is binary, the assay is quantal; if not, it is quantitative ...
Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research, and in vivo testing, is the use of non-human animals, such as model organisms, in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study. This approach can be contrasted with field studies in which animals are observed in ...
One of the uses of NADPH in the cell is to prevent oxidative stress. It reduces glutathione via glutathione reductase, which converts reactive H 2 O 2 into H 2 O by glutathione peroxidase. If absent, the H 2 O 2 would be converted to hydroxyl free radicals by Fenton chemistry, which can attack the cell. Erythrocytes, for example, generate a ...
A landmark study on Dsup protein showed that it can bind nucleosomes in the cell and protect DNA. [6] The Dsup protein has been tested on other animal cells. Using a culture of human cells that express the Dsup protein, it was found that after X-ray exposure the cells had fewer DNA breaks than control cells. [7]