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Immunodeficiency, also known as immunocompromise, is a state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious diseases and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. Most cases are acquired ("secondary") due to extrinsic factors that affect the patient's immune system.
Immune dysregulation is any proposed or confirmed breakdown or maladaptive change in molecular control of immune system processes. For example, dysregulation is a component in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and some cancers .
The ability of the immune system to respond to pathogens is diminished in both the young and the elderly, with immune responses beginning to decline at around 50 years of age due to immunosenescence. [ 112 ] [ 113 ] In developed countries , obesity , alcoholism , and drug use are common causes of poor immune function, while malnutrition is the ...
Immunodeficiency or immunosuppression are characterized by the absence of or disruption in components of the immune system, leading to lower-than-normal levels of immune function and immunity against pathogens. [1] They can be caused by a variety of factors, including: Malnutrition; Fatigue; Recurrent infections
An immune disorder is a dysfunction of the immune system. [1] These disorders can be characterized in several different ways: By the component(s) of the immune system affected; By whether the immune system is overactive or underactive; By whether the condition is congenital or acquired
The decreased ability of the immune system to clear infections in these patients may be responsible for causing autoimmunity through perpetual immune system activation. [ 14 ] One example is common variable immunodeficiency , in which multiple autoimmune diseases are seen, e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune thrombocytopenia and ...
A key difference is a malfunction of the innate immune system in autoinflammatory diseases, whereas in autoimmune diseases there is a malfunction of the adaptive immune system. [8] Symptoms of autoimmune diseases can significantly vary, primarily based on the specific type of the disease and the body part that it affects.
Hypogammaglobulinemia is an immune system disorder in which not enough gamma globulins are produced in the blood (thus hypo-+ gamma + globulin + -emia). This results in a lower antibody count, which impairs the immune system , increasing risk of infection.