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Acetonitrile is used mainly as a solvent in the purification of butadiene in refineries. Specifically, acetonitrile is fed into the top of a distillation column filled with hydrocarbons including butadiene, and as the acetonitrile falls down through the column, it absorbs the butadiene which is then sent from the bottom of the tower to a second separating tower.
The aqueous solution consists of acrylonitrile, acetonitrile, hydrocyanic acid, and ammonium sulfate (from excess ammonia). A recovery column removes bulk water, and acrylonitrile and acetonitrile are separated by distillation. One of the first useful catalysts was bismuth phosphomolybdate (Bi 9 PMo 12 O 52) supported on silica. [11]
35.61 J/(mol·K) (crystal I → liq) Std enthalpy change of vaporization, Δ vap H o: 33.225 kJ/mol at 25 °C 29.75 at 81.6 °C (BP) Std entropy change of vaporization, Δ vap S o: 111.44 J/(mol·K) at 25 °C Solid properties Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o solid? kJ/mol at 25 °C Standard molar entropy, S o solid? J/(mol K) Heat ...
Benzyl cyanide is used as a solvent [14] and as a starting material in the synthesis of fungicides (e.g. Fenapanil), [15] fragrances (phenethyl alcohol), antibiotics, [2] and other pharmaceuticals. The partial hydrolysis of BnCN results in 2-phenylacetamide .
A colorless liquid, it is derived from acetonitrile (CH 3 CN) by replacement of one H with Cl. In practice, it is produced by dehydration of chloroacetamide. [1] The compound is an alkylating agent, [2] and as such is handled cautiously. Chloroacetonitrile is also generated in situ by the reaction of acetonitrile with sulfur monochloride.
Dimethylacetamide is commonly used as a solvent for fibers (e.g., polyacrylonitrile, spandex) or in the adhesive industry. [5] It is also employed in the production of pharmaceuticals and plasticizers as a reaction medium. A solution of lithium chloride in DMAc (LiCl/DMAc) can dissolve cellulose. Unlike many other cellulose solvents, LiCl/DMAc ...
It is used as a surrogate in place of HCN, as illustrated by its use as a precursor to lithium cyanide: [8] (CH 3) 2 C(OH)CN + LiH → (CH 3) 2 CO + LiCN + H 2. In transhydrocyanation, an equivalent of HCN is transferred from acetone cyanohydrin to another acceptor, with acetone as byproduct. The transfer is an equilibrium process, initiated by ...
Triacetin is the organic compound with the formula C 3 H 5 (OCOCH 3) 3.It is classified as a triglyceride, i.e., the triester of glycerol with acetic acid. [6] It is a colorless, viscous, and odorless liquid with a high boiling point and a low melting point.