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In tetrapods, cervical vertebrae (sg.: vertebra) are the vertebrae of the neck, immediately below the skull. Truncal vertebrae (divided into thoracic and lumbar vertebrae in mammals) lie caudal (toward the tail) of cervical vertebrae. [1] In sauropsid species, the cervical vertebrae bear cervical ribs.
Common sources of neck pain (and related pain syndromes, such as pain that radiates down the arm) include (and are strictly limited to): [11] Whiplash, strained a muscle or another soft tissue injury; Cervical herniated disc; Cervical spinal stenosis; Osteoarthritis; Vascular sources of pain, like arterial dissections or internal jugular vein ...
The triangles of the neck describe the divisions created by the major muscles in the region.. The side of the neck presents a somewhat quadrilateral outline, limited, above, by the lower border of the body of the mandible, and an imaginary line extending from the angle of the mandible to the mastoid process; below, by the upper border of the clavicle; in front, by the middle line of the neck ...
The lymphatic system drains the head and neck of excess interstitial fluid via lymph vessels or capillaries, equally into the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct. Lymph nodes line the cervical spine and neck regions as well as along the face and jaw. The tonsils also are lymphatic tissue and help mediate the ingestion of pathogens.
Neck pain, although felt in the neck, can be caused by numerous other spinal problems. Neck pain may arise due to muscular tightness in both the neck and upper back, or pinching of the nerves emanating from the cervical vertebrae. Joint disruption in the neck creates pain, as does joint disruption in the upper back.
The carotid sheath is a condensation of the deep cervical fascia [1]: 578 enveloping multiple vital neurovascular structures of the neck, [2] including the common and internal carotid arteries, the internal jugular vein, the vagus nerve (CN X), and ansa cervicalis. [1]: 578 [2] The carotid sheath helps protects the structures contained therein. [2]
The transverse cervical nerve (superficial cervical or cutaneous cervical) is a cutaneous (sensory) nerve of the cervical plexus that arises from the second and third cervical spinal nerves (C2-C3). It curves around the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoideus muscle , then pierces the fascia of the neck before dividing into two branches.
Transverse cervical nerve - innervates anterior region of neck (C2 and C3) Supraclavicular nerves - innervate the skin above and below the clavicle (C3-C4) [6] [clarification needed] Muscular Ansa cervicalis - a loop formed by C1-C3 that supplies most infrahyoid (a.k.a. "strap") muscles (sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid muscles) etc.