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A total of 15 passages were deciphered from the unrolled scroll. The first word to be decoded, the Greek word for purple, was detected in October 2023 and can be found within the newly interpreted ...
The following is a list of the world's oldest surviving physical documents. Each entry is the most ancient of each language or civilization. For example, the Narmer Palette may be the most ancient from Egypt, but there are many other surviving written documents from Egypt later than the Narmer Palette but still more ancient than the Missal of Silos.
The oldest known scroll is the Diary of Merer, which can be dated to c. 2568 BCE in the reign of the Pharaoh Khufu or Cheops due to its contents.Scrolls were used by many early civilizations before the codex, or bound book with pages, was invented by the Romans [3] and popularized by Christianity. [4]
NASA used multispectral imaging adapted from its remote sensing and planetary probes in order to reveal previously illegible text on the fragments. [86] The process uses a liquid crystal tunable filter in order to photograph the scrolls at specific wavelengths of light and, as a result, image distortion is significantly diminished. [ 85 ]
The Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus, a Greek manuscript of the Bible from the 5th century, is a palimpsest.. In textual studies, a palimpsest (/ ˈ p æ l ɪ m p s ɛ s t /) is a manuscript page, either from a scroll or a book, from which the text has been scraped or washed off in preparation for reuse [1] in the form of another document. [2]
The Ketef Hinnom scrolls, also described as Ketef Hinnom amulets, are the oldest surviving texts currently known from the Hebrew Bible, dated to c. 600 BCE. [2] The text, written in the Paleo-Hebrew script (not the Babylonian square letters of the modern Hebrew alphabet, more familiar to most modern readers), is from the Book of Numbers in the Hebrew Bible, and has been described as "one of ...
Paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll, known also as 11QpaleoLev, is an ancient text preserved in one of the Qumran group of caves, which provides a rare glimpse of the script used formerly by the Israelites in writing Torah scrolls during pre-exilic history. [1]
The two texts were versions of the same document, in Greek and demotic, recording the sale of a portion of the offerings made on behalf of a group of deceased Egyptians. [117] Young had long tried to obtain a second bilingual text to supplement the Rosetta Stone. With these texts in hand, he made major progress over the next few years.