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The biology of depression is the attempt to identify a biochemical origin of depression, as opposed to theories that emphasize psychological or situational causes. Scientific studies have found that different brain areas show altered activity in humans with major depressive disorder (MDD) . [ 1 ]
The perirhinal cortex is involved in both visual perception and memory; [1] it facilitates the recognition and identification of environmental stimuli. Lesions to the perirhinal cortex in both monkeys and rats lead to the impairment of visual recognition memory, disrupting stimulus-stimulus associations and object-recognition abilities.
Perisylvian syndrome is a rare neurological disease characterized by damage to the sylvian fissure (lateral sulcus), an area in the brain involved in language and speech. The main symptoms are difficulty chewing and swallowing, low muscle tone in the face and tongue, speech and language development disorders, and epilepsy. These symptoms are ...
This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: Many outdated sources and information (older than five years). Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (July 2024) Medical condition Major depressive disorder Other names Clinical depression, major depression, unipolar depression, unipolar disorder, recurrent depression Sorrowing Old Man (At ...
There are many psychiatric and medical conditions that may mimic some or all of the symptoms of depression or may occur comorbid to it. [11] [12] [13] A disorder either psychiatric or medical that shares symptoms and characteristics of another disorder, and may be the true cause of the presenting symptoms is known as a differential diagnosis. [14]
The polymorphic layer is often called the hilus or hilar region. [12] The neurons in the polymorphic layer, including mossy cells and GABAergic interneurons, primarily receive inputs from the granule cells in the dentate gyrus in the form of mossy fibers and project to the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus via the associational ...
“The brain changes, and it doesn’t recover when you just stop the drug because the brain has been actually changed,” Kreek explained. “The brain may get OK with time in some persons. But it’s hard to find a person who has completely normal brain function after a long cycle of opiate addiction, not without specific medication treatment.”
Any damage to the brain can cause a mental disorder. The brain is the control system for the nervous system and the rest of the body. Without it, the body cannot function properly. [71] Increased mood swings, insane behavior, and substance abuse disorders are traumatic brain injury (TBI) examples. Findings on the relationship between TBI ...