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Lordosis is historically defined as an abnormal inward curvature of the lumbar spine. [1] [2] However, the terms lordosis and lordotic are also used to refer to the normal inward curvature of the lumbar and cervical regions of the human spine. [3] [4] Similarly, kyphosis historically refers to abnormal convex curvature of the spine.
Normal atlanto-dental joint on projectional radiography. A widening of the atlanto-axial joint, as measured between the posterior surface of the anterior arch of atlas and the front of the odontoid process , indicates an injury to the transverse atlantal ligament. [ 6 ]
Range of motion (or ROM) is the linear or angular distance that a moving object may normally travel while properly attached to another. In biomechanics and strength training , ROM refers to the angular distance and direction a joint can move between the flexed position and the extended position. [ 1 ]
However, the cervical spine is comparatively mobile, and some component of this movement is due to flexion and extension of the vertebral column itself. This movement between the atlas and occipital bone is often referred to as the "yes joint", owing to its nature of being able to move the head in an up-and-down fashion.
It is a common measurement of scoliosis. The Cobb angle is also the preferred method of measuring post-traumatic kyphosis in a recent meta-analysis of traumatic spine fracture classifications. [ 5 ]
Grabb-Oakes measurement equal or greater than 9 mm; Harris measurement greater than 12mm [9] Spinal subluxation; Alternatively, craniocervical instability can be diagnosed if a trial of cervical traction, typically using a halo fixation device, results in a significant alleviation of symptoms.
cervical vertebrae: C1: atlas – first cervical vertebra of the spine C2: axis – second cervical vertebra of the spine CA: carcinoma cancer: Ca: calcium carcinoma cancer: CAA: coronary artery aneurysm: c/b: complicated by: CABG: coronary artery bypass graft (pronounced "cabbage") CABP: coronary artery bypass procedure: CAD: coronary artery ...
a simple drawing of the measurements to be taken during the Schober Test. Schober's test is a physical examination used in family medicine, physical medicine and rehabilitation, rheumatology to measure the ability of a patient to flex the lower back.