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  2. Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_excitation...

    Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling (Cardiac EC coupling) describes the series of events, from the production of an electrical impulse (action potential) to the contraction of muscles in the heart. [1] This process is of vital importance as it allows for the heart to beat in a

  3. Cardiac cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_cycle

    In a healthy heart all activities and rests during each individual cardiac cycle, or heartbeat, are initiated and orchestrated by signals of the heart's electrical conduction system, which is the "wiring" of the heart that carries electrical impulses throughout the body of cardiomyocytes, the specialized muscle cells of the heart.

  4. Cardiac conduction system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_conduction_system

    In order to maximize efficiency of contractions and cardiac output, the conduction system of the heart has: Substantial atrial to ventricular delay. This will allow the atria to completely empty their contents into the ventricles; simultaneous contraction would cause inefficient filling and backflow.

  5. Cardiac action potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_action_potential

    An example of premature ventricular contraction is the classic athletic heart syndrome. Sustained training of athletes causes a cardiac adaptation where the resting SAN rate is lower (sometimes around 40 beats per minute).

  6. Heart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart

    The heart is a muscular organ found in humans and other animals. This organ pumps blood through the blood vessels. [1] Heart and blood vessels together make the circulatory system. [2] The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the tissue, while carrying metabolic waste such as carbon dioxide to the lungs. [3]

  7. Isovolumetric contraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isovolumetric_contraction

    The isovolumetric contraction phase lasts about 0.05 seconds, [1] but this short period of time is enough to build up a sufficiently high pressure that eventually overcomes that of the aorta and the pulmonary artery upon opening of the semilunar valves. This process, therefore, helps maintain the correct unidirectional flow of blood through the ...

  8. Ventricular escape beat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventricular_escape_beat

    Ventricular escape beats occur when the rate of electrical discharge reaching the ventricles (normally initiated by the heart's sinoatrial node (SA node), transmitted to the atrioventricular node (AV node), and then further transmitted to the ventricles) falls below the base rate determined by the rate of Phase 4 spontaneous depolarisation of ventricular pacemaker cells. [1]

  9. Isotonic contraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotonic_contraction

    A near isotonic contraction is known as Auxotonic contraction. There are two types of isotonic contractions: (1) concentric and (2) eccentric. In a concentric contraction, the muscle tension rises to meet the resistance, then remains the same as the muscle shortens.

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