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  2. Unity of opposites - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_of_opposites

    That is to say, when an object moves from point A to point B, a change is created, while the underlying law remains the same. Thus, a unity of opposites is present in the universe simultaneously containing difference and sameness. An aphorism of Heraclitus illustrates the idea as follows: The road up and the road down are the same thing.

  3. Figure of speech - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_of_speech

    Merism: type of synecdoche referring to two or more contrasting parts to describe it's whole; Metalepsis: figurative speech is used in a new context. Metaphor: an implied comparison between two things, attributing the properties of one thing to another that it does not literally possess. [19]

  4. Metaphor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphor

    A metaphor is a figure of speech that, for rhetorical effect, directly refers to one thing by mentioning another. [1] It may provide (or obscure) clarity or identify hidden similarities between two different ideas. Metaphors are usually meant to create a likeness or an analogy. [2]

  5. Monism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monism

    Monism attributes oneness or singleness (Greek: μόνος) to a concept, such as to existence.Various kinds of monism can be distinguished: Priority monism states that all existing things go back to a source that is distinct from them; e.g., in Neoplatonism everything is derived from The One. [1]

  6. Metaphor and metonymy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphor_and_metonymy

    According to Freud's work (1900), condensation and displacement (from German Verdichtung and Verschiebung) are two closely linked concepts. [10] In the unconscious, through the dynamic movement of cathexis (charge of libido, mental or emotional energy), it is possible that an idea (image, memory, or thought) passes on its whole charge to another idea; Freud called this process "displacement."

  7. Glossary of rhetorical terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms

    Adianoeta – a phrase carrying two meanings: an obvious meaning and a second, more subtle and ingenious one (more commonly known as double entendre). Alliteration – the use of a series of two or more words beginning with the same letter. Amphiboly – a sentence that may be interpreted in more than one way due to ambiguous structure.

  8. Ontology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontology

    Ontology is the philosophical study of being.It is traditionally understood as the subdiscipline of metaphysics focused on the most general features of reality.As one of the most fundamental concepts, being encompasses all of reality and every entity within it.

  9. Correlation does not imply causation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation_does_not_imply...

    This suggests a possible "third variable" problem, however, when three such closely related measures are found, it further suggests that each may have bidirectional tendencies (see "bidirectional variable", above), being a cluster of correlated values each influencing one another to some extent. Therefore, the simple conclusion above may be false.