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Mezzotint is a monochrome printmaking process of the intaglio family. It was the first printing process that yielded half-tones without using line- or dot-based techniques like hatching, cross-hatching or stipple. Mezzotint achieves tonality by roughening a metal plate with thousands of little dots made by a metal tool with small teeth, called ...
Linda Hults The Print in the Western World: An Introductory History. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1996. ISBN 978-0-299-13700-7; Carol Wax, The Mezzotint: History and Technique (Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1990) James Watrous A Century of American Printmaking. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984. ISBN 0-299-09680-7
It became widely used throughout East Asia both as a method for printing on textiles and later, under the influence of Buddhism, on paper. As a method of printing on cloth, the earliest surviving examples from China date to the Han dynasty (before 220 CE). Ukiyo-e is the best known type of Japanese woodblock art print.
Lithography (from Ancient Greek λίθος (líthos) 'stone' and γράφω (gráphō) 'to write') [1] is a planographic method of printing originally based on the immiscibility of oil and water. [2] The printing is from a stone (lithographic limestone) or a metal plate with a smooth surface.
Offset printing is a common printing technique in which the inked image is transferred (or "offset") from a plate to a rubber blanket and then to the printing surface. When used in combination with the lithographic process, which is based on the repulsion of oil and water, the offset technique employs a flat (planographic) image carrier.
Stipple competed with mezzotint as a tonal method of printmaking, and while it lacked the rich depth of tone of mezzotint, it had the great advantage that far more impressions could be taken from a plate. [8] During the late eighteenth century, some printmakers, including Francesco Bartolozzi, began to use colour in stipple engraving.
Block letters may also be used as to refer to block capitals, which means writing in all capital letters or in large and small capital letters, imitating the style of typeset capital letters. [2] However, in at least one court case involving patents, the term "block letters" was found to include both upper and lower case. [2]
A method of full-color printing is six-color process printing (for example, Pantone's Hexachrome system) which adds orange and green to the traditional CMYK inks for a larger and more vibrant gamut, or color range. However, such alternate color systems still rely on color separation, halftoning and lithography to produce printed images.