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In 1970, 320 delegates were elected to a constitutional convention which began to meet in 1971. On 23 September 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos issued the formal declaration of martial law which led to the arrests of 11 conveners, alongside government critics and journalists, by the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Philippine Constabulary. [1]
January 31 – Supreme Court decides in a case filed against Commission of Elections, that the "incumbent president of the Philippines" is Pres. Marcos, as stated in the Transitory Provisions of the 1973 Constitution. [6] April 24 – National Democratic Front is founded as the political arm of the Communist Party of the Philippines. [1]
Based on Article 9 of the 1973 constitution, it had broad executive powers typical of prime ministers in other countries. The position was the official head of government, and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. All of the previous powers of the President from the 1935 Constitution were transferred to the prime minister.
The first national presidential election was held, [note 3] and Manuel L. Quezon (1935–44) was elected to a six-year term with no provision for re-election [4] as the second Philippine president and the first Commonwealth president. [note 2] In 1940, however, the Constitution was amended to allow re-election but shortened the term to four ...
The 1973 Philippine martial law referendum was a national referendum in which the citizens' assemblies voted for: . The ratification of the 1973 Constitution; The suspension of the convening of the Interim National Assembly provided in the transitory provisions of the 1973 Constitution
Lastly, it covers the entirety of the period described as the "Fourth Republic," where the Philippines was governed by the 1973 Marcos Constitution after the formal lifting of Proclamation No. 1081. The timeline covers many of the events highlighted in narrations of Philippine history since history-writing often has a slant towards political ...
The Ratification Cases, officially titled as Javellana v.Executive Secretary (G.R. No. L-36142, March 31, 1973; 50 SCRA 30), was a 1973 Supreme Court of the Philippines case that allowed the 1973 Philippine Constitution to come into full force, which led to President Ferdinand Marcos staying in office and ruling by decree until he was ousted by the People Power Revolution in 1986.
The 1973 constitution, though generally referring to the president as "President of the Philippines", Article XVII, Section 12 once used the term, "President of the Republic." [ 12 ] In the text of Proclamation No. 1081 that placed the country under martial law in September 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos consistently referred to himself as ...