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Fermi–Dirac statistics is a type of quantum statistics that applies to the physics of a system consisting of many non-interacting, identical particles that obey the Pauli exclusion principle. A result is the Fermi–Dirac distribution of particles over energy states .
After Wolfgang Pauli formulated his exclusion principle in 1925, Fermi followed with a paper in which he applied the principle to an ideal gas, employing a statistical formulation now known as Fermi–Dirac statistics. Today, particles that obey the exclusion principle are called "fermions".
In particle physics, a fermion is a subatomic particle that follows Fermi–Dirac statistics. Fermions have a half-integer spin (spin 1 / 2 , spin 3 / 2 , etc.) and obey the Pauli exclusion principle.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 8 February 2025. Discrepancy of the lack of evidence for alien life despite its apparent likelihood This article is about the absence of clear evidence of extraterrestrial life. For a type of estimation problem, see Fermi problem. Enrico Fermi (Los Alamos 1945) The Fermi paradox is the discrepancy ...
Simplified view of the Fermi contact interaction in the terms of nuclear (green arrow) and electron spins (blue arrow). 1: in H 2, 1 H spin polarizes electron spin antiparallel. This in turn polarizes the other electron of the σ-bond antiparallel as demanded by Pauli's exclusion principle.
The Pauli exclusion principle helps explain a wide variety of physical phenomena. One particularly important consequence of the principle is the elaborate electron shell structure of atoms and the way atoms share electrons
After Wolfgang Pauli announced his exclusion principle in 1925, Fermi applied the principle to an ideal gas, employing Fermi–Dirac statistics. Fermi developed a model that incorporated Pauli's postulated invisible beta decay particle, named the "neutrino". Fermi's interaction theory described one of the four fundamental forces of nature.
Fermions, like the proton or the neutron, follow Pauli's principle and Fermi–Dirac statistics. In general, for an ensemble of non-interacting fermions, also known as a Fermi gas , each particle can be treated independently with a single-fermion energy given by the purely kinetic term, E = p 2 2 m , {\displaystyle E={\frac {p^{2}}{2m}},} where ...