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A cascade effect is an inevitable and sometimes unforeseen chain of events due to an act affecting a system. [1] If there is a possibility that the cascade effect will have a negative impact on the system, it is possible to analyze the effects with a consequence / impact analysis .
For example, it can be important for understanding the knock-on effects of removing top predators from food webs, as humans have done in many places through hunting and fishing. A top-down cascade is a trophic cascade where the top consumer/predator controls the primary consumer population. In turn, the primary producer population thrives.
An ecological cascade effect is a series of secondary extinctions that are triggered by the primary extinction of a key species in an ecosystem.Secondary extinctions are likely to occur when the threatened species are: dependent on a few specific food sources, mutualistic (dependent on the key species in some way), or forced to coexist with an invasive species that is introduced to the ecosystem.
The Kessler syndrome, also known as the Kessler effect, [1] [2] collisional cascading, or ablation cascade, is a scenario proposed by NASA scientists Donald J. Kessler and Burton G. Cour-Palais in 1978.
Cascade effect (ecology) Cascade effect (spaceflight) Casimir effect (quantum field theory) (physical phenomena) Castle thunder (sound effect) (in-jokes) (sound effects)
Another common example of ecological release can occur if a disease or a competitor or a keystone species, such as a top predator, is removed from a community or ecosystem. Classical examples of this latter dynamics include population explosions of sea urchins in California's offshore kelp beds, for example, when human hunters began to kill too ...
Cascade reactions are often key steps in the efficient total synthesis of complex natural products. The key step in Heathcock's synthesis of dihydroprotodaphniphylline features a highly efficient cascade involving two aldehyde/amine condensations, a Prins-like cyclization, and a 1,5-hydride transfer to afford a pentacyclic structure from an acyclic starting material.
An example would be the coagulation cascade of secondary hemostasis which leads to fibrin formation, and thus, the initiation of blood coagulation. Another example, sonic hedgehog signaling pathway , is one of the key regulators of embryonic development and is present in all bilaterians . [ 2 ]