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Pomacanthus imperator, the emperor angelfish; [3] [4] Lactophrys bicaudalis, the spotted trunkfish; [5] and Stephanolepis hispidus, the planehead filefish [6] are known spongivorous coral reef fish. The rock beauty Holocanthus tricolor is also spongivorous, with sponges making up 96% of their diet. [7] Certain species of nudibranchs are known ...
Over-harvesting and sponge disease have led to a decrease in Mediterranean S. officinalis populations. [2] [3] [11] People have harvested sponges in the Mediterranean since ancient times. [3] Growing demand has led to overexploitation of these sponges. Beginning in the 1980s, populations of S. officinalis in the Mediterranean have significantly ...
Turtles and some fish feed mainly on sponges. It is often said that sponges produce chemical defenses against such predators. [18] However, experiments have been unable to establish a relationship between the toxicity of chemicals produced by sponges and how they taste to fish, which would diminish the usefulness of chemical defenses as deterrents.
Well, here's a chance to make up for lost time. Following are 10 little known facts about the ubiquitous labels. Number 10. They're edible. If you've finished baking a whole apple pie only to ...
Negombata magnifica, commonly known as toxic finger-sponge, is a species of sponge found from the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. Its reddish-brown narrow crooked branches can grow up to 70 centimetres (28 in). Negombata magnifica is extremely toxic because of the toxin latrunculin. [1] [2] [3]
Callyspongia (Cladochalina) aculeata, commonly known as the branching vase sponge is a species of sea sponge in the family Callyspongiidae. [1] Poriferans are typically characterized by ostia, pores that filter out plankton, with an osculum as the opening which water leaves through, and choanocytes trap food particles.
The giant barrel sponge (Xestospongia muta) is the largest species of sponge found growing on Caribbean coral reefs. It is common at depths greater than 10 metres (33 ft) down to 120 metres (390 ft) and can reach a diameter of 1.8 metres (6 feet).
Spheciospongia vesparium, commonly known as the loggerhead sponge, [2] is a species of sea sponge belonging to the family Clionaidae. While it is highly toxic to many fish, this sponge is eaten by certain angelfish and is known to form part of the diet of the hawksbill sea turtle ( Eretmochelys imbricata ).