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The 20 Hunchakian gallows (Armenian: Քսան կախաղան, K'san kakhaghan, also "The 20 Martyrs" and "The 20s") [1] is the common name for the group of Hunchakian activists who were hanged in the Sultan Beyazıt Square of Constantinople (now Istanbul) on June 15, 1915, during the Armenian genocide.
The Armenian genocide [a] was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I.Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily through the mass murder of around one million Armenians during death marches to the Syrian Desert and the forced Islamization of others, primarily women and children.
From 1894 to 1896, up to 300,000 Armenians were killed in the Hamidian massacres. [9] From 1915 to 1923, the Armenian genocide took the lives of around 1.5 million Armenians, who were killed by the Ottoman government. [10] The German political scientist Christoph Zürcher notes: "Genocide" became a key word, which had several connotations.
Warrantless searches through Armenian districts [32] —accompanied by "extremely violent incidents", such as rapes [33] —escalated into arbitrary arrest of Armenian men throughout Diyarbekir city. Two weeks later, more than 600 Armenian artisans and notables were under arrest, where they were tortured to extract information about arms caches.
The Deir ez-Zor camps were concentration camps [1] in the heart of the Syrian Desert in which many thousands of Armenian refugees were forced into death marches during the Armenian genocide. The United States vice-consul in Aleppo , Jesse B. Jackson , estimated that Armenian refugees, as far east as Deir ez-Zor and south of Damascus , numbered ...
In 1911–1915, he served as Italian Consul in Trabzon and was an eyewitness to the massacres in and around the area. [180] In August 1915, with Italy's participation in the war effort and their subsequent declaration of war against the Ottoman Empire, Gorrini was forced to leave his office. [180]
Version of the declaration forwarded to the Ottoman Empire by the United States State Department Coverage on the front page of The New York Times, 24 May 1915. On 24 May 1915, on the initiative of Russia, the Triple Entente—Russia, France, and the United Kingdom—issued a declaration condemning the ongoing Armenian genocide carried out in the Ottoman Empire and threatening to hold the ...
1,400 [9] Khaibalikend massacre: June 1919 Ghaibalishen, Krkjan Jamilli, and Pahlul villages of Karabakh Council: Azerbaijani Army: 700 [10] Shusha massacre: March 1920 Shusha, Azerbaijan Democratic Republic: Azerbaijani Army: 500 [11] –20,000 [12] Turkish–Armenian War: September–December 1920 First Republic of Armenia: Turkish ...