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The clearest description of smallpox from pre-modern times was given in the 9th century by the Persian physician, Muhammad ibn Zakariya ar-Razi, known in the West as "Rhazes", who was the first to differentiate smallpox from measles and chickenpox in his Kitab fi al-jadari wa-al-hasbah (The Book of Smallpox and Measles). [27]
The Massachusetts smallpox epidemic or colonial epidemic was a smallpox outbreak that hit Massachusetts in 1633. [1] Smallpox outbreaks were not confined to 1633 however, and occurred nearly every ten years. [2] Smallpox was caused by two different types of variola viruses: variola major and variola minor. [3]
Onesimus (late 1600s–1700s [1]) was an African (likely Akan) man who was instrumental in the mitigation of smallpox in Boston, Massachusetts.. He introduced his enslaver, Puritan clergyman Cotton Mather, to the principle and procedure of the variolation method of inoculation, which prevented smallpox and laid the foundation for the development of vaccines.
The word is a combination of 3 words, the verb ṣán, meaning to cover or plaster (referring to the pustules characteristic of smallpox), kpa or pa, meaning to kill, and enia, meaning human. Roughly translated, it means One who kills a person by covering them with pustules. [196]
Smallpox or measles: 5–10 million 25–33% of Roman population [13] 165–180 (possibly up to 190) Roman Empire: 9 1520 Mexico smallpox epidemic: Smallpox 5–8 million 23–37% of Mexican population [12] 1519–1520 Mexico: 10 1957–1958 influenza pandemic: Influenza A/H2N2: 1–4 million – 1957–1958 Worldwide 11 Hong Kong flu ...
The most common type of smallpox, ordinary, historically has devastated populations with a 30% death rate. The smallpox virus is transmittable through bodily fluids and materials contaminated with infected materials. Generally, face-to-face contact is required for an individual to contract smallpox as a result of an interaction with another human.
A particularly virulent sequence of smallpox outbreaks took place in Boston, Massachusetts, where the most severe epidemic occurred. The entire population fled the city, bringing the virus to the rest of the Thirteen Colonies. [18] Colonists tried to prevent the spread of smallpox by isolation and inoculation. Inoculation caused a mild form of ...
The General Court, colonial Massachusetts' legislating body, moved from Boston to Cambridge at summer's end, but smallpox cases began appearing in Cambridge in August. [10] James Franklin's The New England Courant was founded in August amid the outbreak and the issue of smallpox and preservation from it became front page news. [5]