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Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis (also called Toxicodendron dermatitis or Rhus dermatitis) is a type of allergic contact dermatitis caused by the oil urushiol found in various plants, most notably sumac family species of the genus Toxicodendron: poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac, and the Chinese lacquer tree. [1]
This is a partial list of herbs and herbal treatments with known or suspected adverse effects, either alone or in interaction with other herbs or drugs.Non-inclusion of an herb in this list does not imply that it is free of adverse effects.
Food products and household items commonly handled by humans can be toxic to dogs. The symptoms can range from simple irritation to digestion issues, behavioral changes, and even death. The categories of common items ingested by dogs include food products, human medication, household detergents, indoor and outdoor toxic plants, and rat poison. [1]
Treatment for antifreeze poisoning needs to be started as soon after ingestion as possible to be effective; the earlier treatment is started, the greater the chance of survival. [ 6 ] [ 43 ] Cats must be treated within 3 hours of ingesting of antifreeze to be effective, while dogs must be treated within 8–12 hours of ingestion. [ 9 ]
Then the dog is given Vitamin K supplementation for 3 to 4 weeks, depending on the type of poison. At the end of treatment, the clotting times should be tested again. The prognosis is good in these cases. However, if the dog is already showing signs of poisoning, it is too late to try to remove the poison from the body.
Rhus aromatica, commonly known as fragrant sumac, aromatic sumac, lemon sumac, polecat bush, polecat sumac, or simply sumac, [1] [2] is a deciduous shrub in the family Anacardiaceae native to North America. [3] It is native to southern and eastern Canada, most of the contiguous United States, and Mexico. [2] [4]
The toxicity varies with species. The New Zealand Food Safety Authority established lethal doses for a number of species. Dogs, cats, and pigs appear to be most susceptible to poisoning. [20] The enzyme fluoroacetate dehalogenase has been discovered in a soil bacterium, which can detoxify fluoroacetate in the surrounding medium. [21]
Serious poisoning happens more frequently in domestic animals, which metabolize theobromine much more slowly than humans, [7] and can easily consume enough chocolate to cause poisoning. The most common victims of theobromine poisoning are dogs, [8] [9] for whom it can be fatal. The toxic dose for cats is even lower than for dogs. [10]