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All protamine precipitated as the double salt of platinum and was free of sulfur and phosphorus. Protamine sulfate was originally made from the sperm of salmon. The protamine of salmon, later named “salmine”, which can be extracted with hydrochloric acid and precipitated with platinum chloride, corresponds to about 26.8 % of the dried sperm.
Protamine has been shown to deter increases in body weight and low-density lipoprotein in high-fat diet rats. This effect occurs through the inhibition of lipase activity, an enzyme responsible for triacylglycerol digestion and absorption, resulting in a decrease in the absorption of dietary fat.
Protamine sulfate has been given to counteract the anticoagulant effect of heparin (1 mg per 100 units of heparin that had been given over the past 6 hours). [34] It may be used in those who overdose on heparin or to reverse heparin's effect when it is no longer needed. [35]
Protamine sulfate [51] Table 1: antidotes for cardiovascular agent overdose For patients taking antihyperlipidemic agents, liver function tests have to be conducted before and during the therapy to monitor the elevation of liver enzymes which may result in hepatotoxicity , especially for those undergoing statin therapy . [ 52 ]
Because protamine is a fast-acting drug, it is typically given slowly to allow for monitoring of possible reactions. [12] The first step in management of a protamine reaction is to immediately stop the protamine infusion. Corticosteroids are used for all types of protamine reactions. Chlorphenamine is used for type II (anaphylactic) reactions ...
But perhaps one of the most buzzed-about such ingredients is biotin, a vitamin your body naturally produces, but that you can also find in hair growth supplements, shampoos for hair loss and ...
Structure formula of one of the many sulfation patterns of the heparan sulfate subunit. Heparan sulfate (HS) is a linear polysaccharide found in all animal tissues. [1] It occurs in a proteoglycan (HSPG, i.e. Heparan Sulfate ProteoGlycan) in which two or three HS chains are attached in close proximity to cell surface or extracellular matrix proteins.
While analyzing the composition of salmon sperm, Miescher also discovered the alkaline substance protamine, the account of which he published in 1874. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] It later found use, as protamine sulfate , in the stabilization of insulin ( NPH insulin ) and also as a reversal agent for the anticoagulant medicine heparin .