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  2. Training, validation, and test data sets - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Training,_validation,_and...

    A training data set is a data set of examples used during the learning process and is used to fit the parameters (e.g., weights) of, for example, a classifier. [9] [10]For classification tasks, a supervised learning algorithm looks at the training data set to determine, or learn, the optimal combinations of variables that will generate a good predictive model. [11]

  3. Basis of a matroid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basis_of_a_matroid

    It has two bases, which are the sets {(0,1),(2,0)} , {(0,3),(2,0)}. These are the only independent sets that are maximal under inclusion. The basis has a specialized name in several specialized kinds of matroids: [1] In a graphic matroid, where the independent sets are the forests, the bases are called the spanning forests of the graph.

  4. Matroid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matroid

    In combinatorics, a matroid / ˈ m eɪ t r ɔɪ d / is a structure that abstracts and generalizes the notion of linear independence in vector spaces.There are many equivalent ways to define a matroid axiomatically, the most significant being in terms of: independent sets; bases or circuits; rank functions; closure operators; and closed sets or flats.

  5. Dependent and independent variables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_and_independent...

    In mathematics, a function is a rule for taking an input (in the simplest case, a number or set of numbers) [5] and providing an output (which may also be a number). [5] A symbol that stands for an arbitrary input is called an independent variable, while a symbol that stands for an arbitrary output is called a dependent variable. [6]

  6. Independent and identically distributed random variables

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_and...

    Independent: Each outcome will not affect the other outcome (for from 1 to 10), which means the variables , …, are independent of each other. Identically distributed : Regardless of whether the coin is fair (with a probability of 1/2 for heads) or biased, as long as the same coin is used for each flip, the probability of getting heads remains ...

  7. Independent component analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_component_analysis

    Independence: As per assumption 1, the source signals are independent; however, their signal mixtures are not. This is because the signal mixtures share the same source signals. Normality: According to the Central Limit Theorem, the distribution of a sum of independent random variables with finite variance tends towards a Gaussian distribution.

  8. Iris flower data set - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_flower_data_set

    The Iris flower data set or Fisher's Iris data set is a multivariate data set used and made famous by the British statistician and biologist Ronald Fisher in his 1936 paper The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems as an example of linear discriminant analysis. [1]

  9. Parity-check matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity-check_matrix

    This means that a codeword c is in C if and only if the matrix-vector product Hc ⊤ = 0 (some authors [1] would write this in an equivalent form, cH ⊤ = 0.) The rows of a parity check matrix are the coefficients of the parity check equations. [2] That is, they show how linear combinations of certain digits (components) of each codeword equal ...