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Clopyralid (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) is a selective herbicide used for control of broadleaf weeds, especially thistles and clovers.Clopyralid is in the picolinic acid family of herbicides, which also includes aminopyralid, picloram, triclopyr, and several less common herbicides.
Creeping thistle is a herbaceous perennial plant growing up to 150 cm, forming extensive clonal colonies from thickened roots that send up numerous erect shoots during the growing season. [14] It is a ruderal species. [15] Given its adaptive nature, Cirsium arvense is one of the worst invasive weeds worldwide. Through comparison of its genetic ...
The biological activity of a pesticide, be it chemical or biological in nature, is determined by its active ingredient (AI - also called the active substance). Pesticide products very rarely consist of the pure active ingredient. The AI is usually formulated with other materials (adjuvents and co-formulants) and this is the product as sold, but ...
One major complication to the use of herbicides for weed control is the ability of plants to evolve herbicide resistance, rendering the herbicides ineffective against target plants. Out of 31 known herbicide modes of action, weeds have evolved resistance to 21. 268 plant species are known to have evolved herbicide resistance at least once. [59]
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors (HPPD inhibitors) are a class of herbicides that prevent growth in plants by blocking 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, an enzyme in plants that breaks down the amino acid tyrosine into molecules that are then used by plants to create other molecules that plants need.
Spear thistle is designated an "injurious weed" under the UK Weeds Act 1959, [19] and a noxious weed in Australia [18] [20] [21] and in nine US states. [22] Spread is only by seed, not by root fragments as in the related creeping thistle C. arvense. It is best cleared from land by hoeing and deep cutting of the taproot before seeds mature ...
Butylate is applied as an emulsifiable concentrate of 85% active ingredient and is incorporated into the soil, being applied preplant, at plant, postplant, or after harvest. Its maxmimum application rate is 6.3 lb/acre (7.1 kg/Ha), which is much higher than many other herbicides. Soil incorporation is necessary due to the high volatility. [5]
Paraquat is toxic (lethal) to human beings and animals. Paraquat's poisoning and lethality depends on the dose and how the herbicide is absorbed by the body. In humans, paraquat damages the mouth, stomach, and intestines if it is ingested. [7] Once absorbed, paraquat causes particular damage to the lungs, kidneys, and liver. [7]
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