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The N in H5N1 stands for "Neuraminidase", the protein depicted in this ribbon diagram. H5N1 is a subtype of Influenza A virus. Like all subtypes it is an enveloped negative-sense RNA virus, with a segmented genome. [37] Subtypes of IAV are defined by the combination of the antigenic hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins in the viral envelope.
A/H5N1 influenza virus was first identified in farmed birds in southern China in 1996. [12] Between 1996 and 2018, A/H5N1 coexisted in bird populations with other subtypes of the virus, but since then, the highly pathogenic subtype HPAI A(H5N1) has become the dominant strain in bird populations worldwide. [13]
Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in a human appears to be far worse, killing over 50% of humans reported infected with the virus, although it is unknown how many cases (with milder symptoms) go unreported. In one case, a boy with H5N1 experienced diarrhea followed rapidly by a coma without developing respiratory or flu-like symptoms. [41]
Some examples include: [28] A/Rio de Janeiro/62434/2021 (H3N2). [28] The starting A indicates that the virus is an influenza A virus. Rio de Janeiro indicates the place of collection. 62434 is a laboratory sequence number. 2021 (or just 21) indicates that the sample was collected in 2021. No species is mentioned so by default, the sample was ...
A/Fujian (H5N1) bird flu is notable for its resistance to standard medical countermeasures and its rapid spread. This variant of the H5N1 virus also illustrates the continuing evolution of the H5N1 virus, and its emergence has caused political controversy. Diagram of influenza virus nomenclature
To date, most cases of H5N1 bird flu in people have been mild, involving conjunctivitis, or pink eye, and mild upper respiratory symptoms.
The CDC affirmed that currently there was no evidence of person-to-person spread of H5N1 bird flu from this child to others, but said it will continue contact tracing. A follow-up test of the ...
A H5N1 vaccine is an influenza vaccine intended to provide immunization to influenza A virus subtype H5N1. Vaccination of poultry against the avian H5N1 influenza epizootic is widespread in certain countries. [6] [7] Some vaccines also exist for use in humans, and others are in testing. As of July 2024 these include Aflunov, Celldemic and ...