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The Ācārāṅga Sūtra, the foremost and oldest Jain text (First book c. 5th–4th century BCE; Second book c. Late 4th–2nd century BCE), [1] is the first of the twelve Angas, part of the agamas which were compiled based on the teachings of 24th Tirthankara Mahavira.
Jain literature (Sanskrit: जैन साहित्य) refers to the literature of the Jain religion. It is a vast and ancient literary tradition, which was initially transmitted orally. The oldest surviving material is contained in the canonical Jain Agamas, which are written in Ardhamagadhi, a Prakrit (Middle-Indo Aryan) language.
This agama describes nonviolence, Jain metaphysics, and the refutation of other religious theories such as Kriyavada, Akriyavada, Ajnanavada, and Vinayavada. Sanskrit commentary has been done by Silanka who lived in the second half of the ninth century A.D.
The Prakirnaka Sutras (also known simply as the Prakirnaka) are a series of Jain religious texts. Only ten of the twenty Prakirnaka are recognized by the Śvetāmbara Jains. [1] These Sutras deal with the "Great Virtues", the Mahavratas, and death. They also name hymns and prayers.
The Kalpa Sūtra is, for example, a Jain text that includes monastic rules, [54] as well as biographies of the Jain Tirthankaras. [55] Many sutras discuss all aspects of ascetic and lay life in Jainism. Various ancient sutras particularly from the early 1st millennium CE, for example, recommend devotional bhakti as an essential Jain practice. [9]
The Ṣaṭkhaṇḍāgama (Prakrit: "Scripture in Six Parts") is the only canonical piece of literature of Digambara sect of Jainism. [1] According to Digambara tradition, the original teachings of lord Mahavira were passed on orally from Ganadhar, the chief disciple of Mahavira to his disciples and so on as they had the capability of listening and remembering it for always.
Shrutakevalin (Śruta Kevalī) a term used in Jainism for those ascetics who have complete knowledge of Jain Agamas.Shrutakevalin and Kevalin (omniscient beings) are equal from the perspective of knowledge, but Shrutajnana is Paroksha (indirect) whereas kevala jnana (omniscience) is pratyaksha (direct).
Vipākaśruta is the eleventh of the 12 Jain Angas, which are said to be promulgated by Māhavīra himself and composed by Ganadhara Sudharmaswami according to the Śvetámbara tradition. Vipākaśruta, which translates to "The Scripture about Ripening”, contains stories describing those who experience results relating to karmas.
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