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In 1947, synchrotron radiation was discovered with a 70 MeV electron synchrotron at General Electric. This radiation was caused by the acceleration of electrons through a magnetic field as they moved near the speed of light. [66] With a beam energy of 1.5 GeV, the first high-energy particle collider was ADONE, which began operations in 1968. [67]
Thomson in 1897 was the first to suggest that one of the fundamental units of the atom was more than 1,000 times smaller than an atom, suggesting the subatomic particle now known as the electron. Thomson discovered this through his explorations on the properties of cathode rays.
Later, he proposed the name electron for this unit. At the time, the particle we now call the electron was not yet discovered and the difference between the particle electron and the unit of charge electron was still blurred. Later, the name electron was assigned to the particle and the unit of charge e lost its name.
George Johnstone Stoney (15 February 1826 – 5 July 1911) was an Irish physicist known for introducing the term electron as the "fundamental unit quantity of electricity". [1] He initially named it "electrolion" in 1881, [2] and later named it “electron” in 1891. [3] [4] [5] He published around 75 scientific papers during his lifetime.
Its lesser size and power compared with electron tubes brings (from 1955) portable radio receivers starting its march through all areas of electronics. The Hungarian-American physicist Peter Carl Goldmark (1906–1977) invents the vinyl record (first published 1952), much less noisy than their predecessors shellac.
In 1897, J. J. Thomson discovered the electron using the cathode-ray tube. In 1898, Wilhelm Wien demonstrated that canal rays (streams of positive ions) can be deflected by magnetic fields and that the amount of deflection is proportional to the mass-to-charge ratio.
The steam turbine invented by Sir Charles Parsons in 1884 is still used to convert the thermal energy of steam into a rotary motion that can be used by electro-mechanical generators. Such generators bear no resemblance to Faraday's homopolar disc generator of 1831, but they still rely on his electromagnetic principle that a conductor linking a ...
The electron as a unit of charge in electrochemistry was posited by G. Johnstone Stoney in 1874, who also coined the term electron in 1894. [135] Plasma was first identified in a Crookes tube, and so described by Sir William Crookes in 1879 (he called it "radiant matter"). [136]