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  2. Occam's razor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam's_razor

    In philosophy, Occam's razor (also spelled Ockham's razor or Ocham's razor; Latin: novacula Occami) is the problem-solving principle that recommends searching for explanations constructed with the smallest possible set of elements.

  3. Critical thinking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_thinking

    Critical thinking is the process of analyzing available facts, evidence, observations, and arguments to make sound conclusions or informed choices. It involves recognizing underlying assumptions, providing justifications for ideas and actions, evaluating these justifications through comparisons with varying perspectives, and assessing their rationality and potential consequences. [1]

  4. Thinking like a mountain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thinking_like_a_mountain

    In this example Leopold shows that the removal of a single species can result in serious negative consequences in an ecosystem. While avoiding trophic cascades is one way to think like a mountain, there are countless other environmental actions that can be categorized under this broad and interconnected concept.

  5. The Four-Way Test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Four-Way_Test

    In the 1940s, when Taylor was an international director of Rotary, he offered the Four Way Test to the organization, and it was adopted by Rotary for its internal and promotional use. Never changed, the twenty-four-word test remains today a central part of the permanent Rotary structure throughout the world, and is held as the standard by which ...

  6. The unexamined life is not worth living - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_unexamined_life_is_not...

    Socrates believed that a life devoid of introspection, self-reflection, and critical thinking is essentially meaningless and lacks value. This quote emphasizes the importance of self-awareness and questioning one's beliefs, actions, and purpose in life. [2]

  7. To be, or not to be - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_be,_or_not_to_be

    No more, and by a sleep, to say we end The heart-ache, and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir too; tis a consumation Devoutly to be wish'd to die to sleep, To sleep, perhance to dream, ay, there's the rub, For in that sleep of death what dreams may come When we haue shuffled off this mortal coil Muſt giue vs pauſe, there's the ...

  8. Wax argument - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wax_argument

    The wax argument or the sheet of wax example is a thought experiment that René Descartes created in the second of his Meditations on First Philosophy. He devised it to analyze what properties are essential for bodies, show how uncertain our knowledge of the world is compared to our knowledge of our minds, and argue for rationalism .

  9. Critical theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_theory

    Critical theory is a social, historical, and political school of thought and philosophical perspective which centers on analyzing and challenging systemic power relations in society, arguing that knowledge, truth, and social structures are fundamentally shaped by power dynamics between dominant and oppressed groups. [1]