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The Starship Human Landing System program includes the development and operational use of several Starship spacecraft variants by SpaceX, including the Starship HLS ship—optimized to operate on and in the vicinity of the Moon—as well as a Starship depot that will store propellant in Earth orbit, and the Starship tanker designed to fly multiple trips to orbit from Earth's surface to ...
The Starship HLS is a modified configuration of SpaceX's Starship spacecraft, optimized to operate on and around the Moon. As a result, the heat shield and flight control surfaces — parts of the main Starship design needed for atmospheric re-entry — are not included in Starship HLS. The entire spacecraft will land on the Moon and will then ...
Artemis III is planned to be the first crewed Moon landing mission of the Artemis program and the first crewed flight of the Starship HLS lander. [5] Artemis III is planned to be the second crewed Artemis mission and the first crewed lunar landing since Apollo 17 in December 1972. [6]
Starship vehicles have been launched 7 times, resulting in 4 successes (57.14%), and 3 failures. Starship Block 1 was launched six times between April 2023 and November 2024, with the ship retired ahead of the seventh flight. [10] Block 1 boosters are expected to fly further into the future. [11]
The Starship Human Landing System (Starship HLS) was the winner selected by NASA for potential use for long-duration crewed lunar landings as part of NASA's Artemis program. [ 48 ] [ 200 ] Starship HLS is a variant of SpaceX's Starship spacecraft optimized to operate on and around the Moon.
There are three versions of Starship: Block 1 (also known as Version 1 or V1), Block 2, and Block 3, the proposed variants include a depot, Starship HLS, and Starship Crew. Block 2 Starships are designed to be compatible with Block 1 and with future Block 2 boosters. [6]
The human lander, referred to as MK2, [2] was chosen by NASA as the winner of the Sustaining Lunar Development Human Landing System contract in May 2023. It is the second human lunar lander under contract by NASA for the Artemis HLS program, alongside Starship HLS. [11]
A similar test occurred during Starship's third test flight, though the transfer during that test was between two tanks on the same vehicle. [2] The ability to refuel a Starship in low orbit is critical for the Artemis program, [3] as Starship HLS requires approximately ten tanker launches to reach the lunar surface. [1]