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Ochre (/ ˈ oʊ k ər / OH-kər; from Ancient Greek ὤχρα (ṓkhra), from ὠχρός (ōkhrós) 'pale'), iron ochre, or ocher in American English, is a natural clay earth pigment, a mixture of ferric oxide and varying amounts of clay and sand. [2] It ranges in colour from yellow to deep orange or brown.
Umber is a natural earth pigment consisting of iron oxide and manganese oxide; it has a brownish color that can vary among shades of yellow, red, and green. [ 3 ] : 39 Umber is considered one of the oldest pigments known to humans, first seen in Ajanta Caves in 200 BC – 600 AD.
Number Sample Colour name Description, examples RAL 8000: Green brown: Under the name Gelbbraun since 1941 for the Afrika Korps of Wehrmacht also used by the Bundeswehr: RAL 8001: Ochre brown: RAL 8002: Signal brown: Extra camouflage colour (to RAL 7021) for vehicles of the Wehrmacht before 1940 RAL 8003: Clay brown: RAL 8004: Copper brown: RAL ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 16 February 2025. For other color lists, see Lists of colors. This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. Find sources: "List of colors" alphabetical ...
Raw umber (PBr7): a natural clay pigment consisting of iron oxide, manganese oxide and aluminum oxide: Fe 2 O 3 + MnO 2 + n H 2 O + SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3. When calcined (heated) it is referred to as burnt umber and has more intense colors. Raw sienna (PBr7): a naturally occurring yellow-brown pigment from limonite clay. Used in art since prehistoric ...
Red ochre takes its reddish colour from the mineral hematite, which is an anhydrous iron oxide, and the main ingredient of rust. It was one of the earliest pigments used by man. Hand prints made by using red ochre have been found in the Pech Merle cave in Southern France. They date to between 16,000 and 25,000 BC.
[1] [2] Other earth pigments include the green earth pigments or terres vertes, blue earth pigments such as vivianite-based "blue ochre", white earth pigments such as chalk, and black earth pigments such as charcoal. [3] [4] Earth pigments are known for their fast drying time in oil painting, relative inexpensiveness, and lightfastness. Cave ...
At right is displayed the colour English red. This red is a tone of Indian red, made like Indian red with pigment made from iron oxide. The first recorded use of English red as a color name in English was in the 1700s (exact year uncertain). [ 10 ]