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TCP usually uses port numbers that match the services of the corresponding UDP implementations, if they exist, and vice versa. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for maintaining the official assignments of port numbers for specific uses, [ 1 ] However, many unofficial uses of both well-known and registered port ...
RFC 1122, published in October 1989, clarified a number of TCP protocol implementation requirements. A list of the 8 required specifications and over 20 strongly encouraged enhancements is available in RFC 7414.
Based on this address, Internet sockets deliver incoming data packets to the appropriate application process. Socket often refers specifically to an internet socket or TCP socket. An internet socket is minimally characterized by the following: local socket address, consisting of the local IP address and (for TCP and UDP, but not IP) a port number
For TCP, port number 0 is reserved and cannot be used, while for UDP, the source port is optional and a value of zero means no port. A process associates its input or output channels via an internet socket, which is a type of file descriptor, associated with a transport protocol, a network address such as an IP address, and a port
External hosts must know this port number and the address of the gateway to communicate with the network-internal service. Often, the port numbers of well-known Internet services, such as port number 80 for web services (HTTP), are used in port forwarding, so that common Internet services may be implemented on hosts within private networks.
In HTTP implementations, TCP/IP connections are used using well-known ports (typically port 80 if the connection is unencrypted or port 443 if the connection is encrypted, see also List of TCP and UDP port numbers). [44] [45] In HTTP/2, a TCP/IP connection plus multiple protocol
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For example, the HyperText Transfer Protocol uses server port 80 and Telnet uses server port 23. Clients connecting to a service usually use ephemeral ports , i.e., port numbers assigned only for the duration of the transaction at random or from a specific range configured in the application.