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Hydrocracking is a catalytic cracking process assisted by the presence of added hydrogen gas. Unlike a hydrotreater, hydrocracking uses hydrogen to break C–C bonds (hydrotreatment is conducted prior to hydrocracking to protect the catalysts in a hydrocracking process). In 2010, 265 million tons of petroleum was processed with this technology.
The Houdry process at that time used reactors with a fixed bed of catalyst and was a semi-batch operation involving multiple reactors with some of the reactors in operation while other reactors were in various stages of regenerating the catalyst. Motor-driven valves were used to switch the reactors between online operation and offline ...
Hydroprocessing is a catalytic term relating to the processes of hydrocracking and hydrotreating. [1] These process are for the removal of sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen and metals from crude oil, this is done in the refining of fuel to enable lower sulfur levels in fuels. [2] [3] [4] [5]
Equilibrium Catalyst refers to the deactivated or spent catalyst after use in a chemical reaction. The main player in oil refining processes such as fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), hydroprocessing , hydrocracking is the catalyst or zeolitic material, that breaks down complex and long-chain hydrocarbons into simple, useful hydrocarbons.
Ebullated bed reactors are used in the hydroconversion of heavy petroleum and petroleum fractions, particularly vacuum residuum. [1] [3] [4] [5]Ebullated beds have been developed for slurry hydrocracking of extra-heavy oil, tar sands, oil sands and liquefaction of coal through the use of ultrafine catalyst.
ART Announces CLG Hydrocracking Catalysts Sales Agreement COLUMBIA, Md.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Advanced Refining Technologies LLC (ART) announced that it has signed an agreement with Chevron Lummus ...
Synthetic zeolites, like other mesoporous materials (e.g., MCM-41), are widely used as catalysts in the petrochemical industry, such as in fluid catalytic cracking and hydrocracking. Zeolites confine molecules into small spaces, which causes changes in their structure and reactivity.
A catalyst is typically added to the mixture. A number of catalysts have been developed over the years, including tungsten or molybdenum disulfide , tin or nickel oleate , and others. Alternatively, iron sulfide present in the coal may have sufficient catalytic activity for the process, which was the original Bergius process.