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Estimates of the number of deaths attributable to the Soviet revolutionary and dictator Joseph Stalin vary widely. [1] The scholarly consensus affirms that archival materials declassified in 1991 contain irrefutable data far superior to sources used prior to 1991, such as statements from emigres and other informants.
The death rate of German soldiers held by Soviet Union has been estimated at 15% by Mark Edele, [31] and at 35.8% by Niall Ferguson. [35] An even higher estimate of death rate has been suggested for the Italian soldiers held by the Soviet Union: 79% (estimate by Thomas Schlemmer ) [36]: 153 or 56.5%.
He applied this definition to the cases of Stalin's Soviet Union, China under Mao Zedong and Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge while admitting that "mass killings on a smaller scale" also appear to have been carried out by regimes in North Korea, Vietnam, Eastern Europe (in specific nations of the Warsaw Pact, like Poland) and various nations in ...
The tentative consensus says that once secret records of the Gulag administration in Moscow show a lower death toll than expected from memoir sources, generally between 1.5 and 1.7 million (out of 18 million who passed through) for the years from 1930 to 1953." [104] Certificates of death in the Gulag system for the period from 1930 to 1956 [105]
At about the same time a mass grave from the Stalin period was discovered at the other end of the country in Vladivostok. [ 3 ] These and later mass graves in the Soviet Union were used to conceal the large numbers of Soviet citizens and foreigners executed by the Bolshevik regime under Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin . [ 4 ]
In 1938, Stalin reversed his stance on the purges, criticized the NKVD for carrying out mass executions, and oversaw the execution of NKVD chiefs Genrikh Yagoda and Nikolai Yezhov. Scholars estimate the death toll for the Great Purge (1936–1938) to be roughly 700,000–1.2 million.
Around 149 people, including 75 children under 16 years of age. [76] Extermination of a whole village in Belarus by Nazi Germany Bolshoye Zarechye massacre: 1943, October 30 Bolshoye Zarechye, Leningrad Oblast: 66 Soviet civilians were shot and burned alive by the German Army. [77] [78] Krasukha massacre: 1943, November 27 Krasukha, Pskov ...
Joseph Stalin's purges and massacres between 1936 and the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany (Great Purge) had about one million victims. This list includes some of the most prominent victims along with the date of their deaths. Except where otherwise stated, the date is that on which the individual was executed by shooting.