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Most lakes in the world occupy basins scoured out by glaciers. Glacial motion can be fast (up to 30 metres per day (98 ft/d), observed on Jakobshavn Isbræ in Greenland ) [ 1 ] or slow (0.5 metres per year (20 in/year) on small glaciers or in the center of ice sheets), but is typically around 25 centimetres per day (9.8 in/d).
Several glaciers flow into the Shimshal Valley, and are prone to blocking the river. Khurdopin glacier surged in 2016–17, creating a sizable lake. [3] Glaciers of Shimsal Valley from space, May 13, 2017. Khurdopin glacier has dammed the Shimshal River, forming a glacial lake. The river has started to carve a path through the toe of the glacier.
All the glaciers in Turkey are in retreat and glaciers have been developing proglacial lakes at their terminal ends as the glaciers thin and retreat. [ 61 ] [ 62 ] Between the 1970s and 2013, the glaciers in Turkey lost half their area, going from 25 km 2 (9.7 sq mi) in the 1970s to 10.85 km 2 (4.19 sq mi) in 2013.
The mountain to the left is the Wildspitze (3.768 m), second highest in Austria With 7,253 known glaciers, Pakistan contains more glaciers than any other country on earth outside the polar regions. [1] At 62 kilometres (39 mi) in length, the pictured Baltoro Glacier is the fifth longest alpine glacier in the world.
[20] [21] Glaciers cover about 10% of Earth's land surface. Continental glaciers cover nearly 13 million km 2 (5 million sq mi) or about 98% of Antarctica's 13.2 million km 2 (5.1 million sq mi), with an average thickness of ice 2,100 m (7,000 ft). Greenland and Patagonia also have huge expanses of continental glaciers. [22]
The Columbia Glacier, a glacier in Prince William Sound on the south coast of the U.S. state of Alaska, is one of the fastest moving glaciers in the world, and has been retreating since the early 1980s. It was named after Columbia University, one of several glaciers in the area named for elite U.S. colleges by the Harriman Alaska Expedition in ...
As glaciers move over their beds, they entrain and move material of all sizes. Glaciers can carry the largest sediment, and areas of glacial deposition often contain a large number of glacial erratics, many of which are several metres in diameter. Glaciers also pulverize rock into "glacial flour", which is so fine that it is often carried away ...
In other glaciers, surging remains unpredictable. [6] The period of stagnation and build-up between two surges typically lasts 10 to 200 years and is called the quiescent phase. [7] During this period the velocities of the glacier are significantly lower, and the glaciers can retreat substantially.