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Herpetic gingivostomatitis is an infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). The HSV is a double-stranded DNA virus categorised into two types; HSV-1 and HSV-2.HSV-1 is predominantly responsible for oral, facial and ocular infections whereas HSV-2 is responsible for most genital and cutaneous lower herpetic lesions.
[8] [28] However, shedding of HSV-1 from both primary genital infection and reactivations is associated with higher transmission from mother to infant. [8] HSV-1 neonatal herpes is extremely rare in developing countries because development of HSV-1 specific antibodies usually occurs in childhood or adolescence, precluding a later genital HSV-1 ...
[14] [15] HSV-1 is often acquired orally during childhood. It may also be sexually transmitted, including contact with saliva, such as kissing and oral sex. [16] Historically HSV-2 was primarily a sexually transmitted infection, but rates of HSV-1 genital infections have been increasing for the last few decades. [14]
It is primarily a sexually transmitted infection. [5] Herpes simplex virus 2 tends to reside in the sacral ganglia. Herpes simplex virus 2 is periodically shed in the human genital tract, most often asymptomatically. Most sexual transmissions occur during periods of asymptomatic shedding. [6]
This may occur during sex, including anal, oral, and manual sex. [1] [5] Sores are not required for transmission to occur. [1] The risk of spread between a couple is about 7.5% over a year. [6] HSV is classified into two types, HSV-1 and HSV-2. [1] While historically HSV-2 was more common, genital HSV-1 has become more common in the developed ...
Herpes transmission occurs between discordant partners; a person with a history of infection (HSV seropositive) can pass the virus to an HSV seronegative person. Herpes simplex virus 2 is typically contracted through direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected individual, but can also be contracted by exposure to infected saliva, semen ...
HSV-1 can in rare cases be transmitted to newborn babies by family members or hospital staff who have cold sores; this can cause a severe disease called neonatal herpes simplex. People can transfer the virus from their cold sores to other areas of the body, such as the eye, skin, or fingers; this is called autoinoculation. Eye infection, in the ...
Infections can be fatal and contribute to long-term morbidity and disability among the infants who survive into childhood. [55] Neonatal sepsis effects 128 cases per 1000 live births. Meningitis can occur in the septic infant. [30] Expectant mothers with HSV have a 75% chance of at least one flare-up during their pregnancy. [41]