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The ode begins with a priamel, where the rival distinctions of water and gold are introduced as a foil to the true prize, the celebration of victory in song. [7] Ring-composed, [8] Pindar returns in the final lines to the mutual dependency of victory and poetry, where "song needs deeds to celebrate, and success needs songs to make the areta last". [9]
The third Olympian celebrates the same victory as the second (that of 476), but, while the former Ode was probably sung in the palace of Theron, the present was performed in the temple of the Dioscuri at Acragas, on the occasion of the festival of the Theoxenia, when the gods were deemed to be entertained by Castor and Polydeuces. [1]
The tyrant of Himera appealed to his son-in-law Anaxilas, tyrant of Rhegium, who called in the aid of the Carthaginians, whom Theron and his son-in-law, Gelon of Syracuse, defeated at Himera in 480. [1] In 476 Theron won the chariot-race at Olympia, which is celebrated in this ode. [1] The date is recorded in the Oxyrhynchus papyrus. [2] [1]
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Zeus, the Thunderer, is invoked, Zeus whose daughters, the Seasons, had sent the poet to witness the Olympic games (1–3). [1] Men of worth are gladdened by the prosperity of their friends (4, 5). [1] May Zeus graciously welcome the chorus that celebrates the present triumph of Psaumis, and answer his further prayers (6–13). [1]
The ode is compared to a loving-cup (1–10), presented to the bridegroom by the father of the bride. [3] Even as the cup is the pledge of loving wedlock, so is the poet's song an earnest of abiding fame, but Charis, the gracious goddess of the epinician ode, looks with favour, now on one, now on another (10–12). [ 3 ]
The Ode was accordingly sung among the more generous citizens of his Arcadian home (7). [1] It was sent by Pindar from Thebes to Stymphalus by the hands of Aeneas, who trained the chorus for its performance in Arcadia, prior to the return of Hagesias to Syracuse.
Pelops was a son of Tantalus [1] and either Dione, [2] Euryanassa, [3] Eurythemista, [4] or Clytia. [5] In some accounts, he was called a bastard son of Tantalus while others named his parents as Atlas and the nymph Linos. Others would make Pelops the son of Hermes and Calyce [6] while another says that he was an Achaean from Olenus. [7] [8]