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For general design, the elastic section modulus is used, applicable up to the yield point for most metals and other common materials. The elastic section modulus is defined as S = I / c, where I is the second moment of area (or area moment of inertia, not to be confused with moment of inertia) and c is the distance from the neutral axis to the most extreme fibre.
Young's modulus ( E) describes tensile and compressive elasticity, or the tendency of an object to deform along an axis when opposing forces are applied along that axis; it is defined as the ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain. It is often referred to simply as the elastic modulus.
Euler–Bernoulli beam theory (also known as engineer's beam theory or classical beam theory) [ 1] is a simplification of the linear theory of elasticity which provides a means of calculating the load-carrying and deflection characteristics of beams. It covers the case corresponding to small deflections of a beam that is subjected to lateral ...
Young's modulus is defined as the ratio of the stress (force per unit area) applied to the object and the resulting axial strain (displacement or deformation) in the linear elastic region of the material. Although Young's modulus is named after the 19th-century British scientist Thomas Young, the concept was developed in 1727 by Leonhard Euler.
The Timoshenko–Ehrenfest beam theory was developed by Stephen Timoshenko and Paul Ehrenfest [ 1][ 2][ 3] early in the 20th century. [ 4][ 5] The model takes into account shear deformation and rotational bending effects, making it suitable for describing the behaviour of thick beams, sandwich composite beams, or beams subject to high ...
Derivations from other quantities. G = τ / γ = E / [2 (1 + ν )] Shear strain. In materials science, shear modulus or modulus of rigidity, denoted by G, or sometimes S or μ, is a measure of the elastic shear stiffness of a material and is defined as the ratio of shear stress to the shear strain: [ 1 ] where. = shear stress. is the force ...
Plastic moment. In structural engineering, the plastic moment (M p) is a property of a structural section. It is defined as the moment at which the entire cross section has reached its yield stress. This is theoretically the maximum bending moment that the section can resist – when this point is reached a plastic hinge is formed and any load ...
Continuum mechanics. In applied mechanics, bending (also known as flexure) characterizes the behavior of a slender structural element subjected to an external load applied perpendicularly to a longitudinal axis of the element. The structural element is assumed to be such that at least one of its dimensions is a small fraction, typically 1/10 or ...