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The Hundred Days (French: les Cent-Jours IPA: [le sɑ̃ ʒuʁ]), [4] also known as the War of the Seventh Coalition (French: Guerre de la Septième Coalition), marked the period between Napoleon's return from eleven months of exile on the island of Elba to Paris on 20 March 1815 and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII on 8 July 1815 (a period of 110 days).
The Principality of Elba (Italian: Principato d'Elba) was a non-hereditary monarchy established on the Mediterranean island of Elba following the Treaty of Fontainebleau on 11 April 1814. It lasted less than a year, and its only head was Napoleon Bonaparte , who would return to rule in France before his ultimate defeat and the dissolution of ...
Napoleon signs his abdication at Fontainebleau on April 4, 1814. Painting by François Bouchot (1843).. Napoleon I's first abdication was a moment in French history when, in April 1814, the French emperor Napoleon I was forced to relinquish power following his military defeat in the French campaign and his allies’ invasion.
Elba is the largest remaining stretch of land from the ancient tract that once connected the Italian peninsula to Corsica. [citation needed] The northern coast faces the Ligurian Sea, the eastern coast the Piombino Channel, the southern coast the Tyrrhenian Sea, and the Corsica Channel divides the western tip of the island from neighbouring Corsica.
Napoleon leaving Elba on 26 February 1815, by Joseph Beaume (1836) With the Treaty of Fontainebleau of 11 April 1814, the allies exiled Napoleon to Elba, an island of 12,000 inhabitants in the Mediterranean, 10 km (6 mi) off the Tuscan coast, where they made him sovereign. The following night, Napoleon attempted suicide with poison he had ...
When Napoleon proposed the army march on Paris, his Marshals decided to unanimously overrule Napoleon in order to save the city from further destruction. As a result, the victorious Coalition negotiated the Treaty of Paris, under which Napoleon was exiled to the island of Elba and the borders of France were returned to where they had been in 1792.
The treaty also established the island of Elba as a separate principality to be ruled by Napoleon. [10] Elba's sovereignty and flag were guaranteed recognition by foreign powers in the accord, but only France was allowed to assimilate the island. [11]
Napoleon I's departure from Elba marked the start of the Hundred Days. Soult, Minister of War and former Marshal of the Empire, was the perfect scapegoat for the Comte d'Artois. Napoleon, rapidly tiring of Elba and not receiving the life annuity promised to him by the Bourbons when he went into exile, considered taking action. [8]