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The Court has also understood this language to mean that the sovereignty of the government under the U.S. Constitution is superior to that of the States. [52] Stated in negative terms, the Preamble has been interpreted as meaning that the Constitution was not the act of sovereign and independent states. [53]
According to the preamble, the constitution of India has been pursuance of the solemn resolution of the people of India to constitute India into a 'Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic', and to secure well-defined objects set forth in the preamble. Sovereignty denotes supreme and ultimate power.
The constitution declares India a sovereign, socialist, secular, [10] and democratic republic, assures its citizens justice, equality, and liberty, and endeavours to promote fraternity. [11] The original 1950 constitution is preserved in a helium -filled case at the Parliament Library Building in New Delhi .
Queen Elizabeth II was the sovereign of 32 independent realms over the course of her reign, with her role in each realm separate and legally distinct. The word sovereign is frequently used synonymously with monarch. There are numerous titles in a monarchical rule which can belong to the sovereign. The sovereign is the autonomous head of the state.
The treatise is frequently viewed as the first European text theorizing state sovereignty. [24] Bodin rejected the notion of transference of sovereignty from people to the ruler (also known as the sovereign); natural law and divine law confer upon the sovereign the right to rule. And the sovereign is not above divine law or natural law.
A preamble is an introductory and expressionary statement in a document that explains the document's purpose and underlying philosophy. When applied to the opening paragraphs of a statute, it may recite historical facts pertinent to the subject of the statute.
Sovereignty itself is, of course, not subject to law, for it is the author and source of law; but, in our system, while sovereign powers are delegated to the agencies of government, sovereignty itself remains with the people, by whom and for whom all government exists and acts. And the law is the definition and limitation of power.
However, Justice David Souter, writing for a four-Justice dissent in Alden, said the states surrendered their sovereign immunity when they ratified the Constitution. He read the amendment's text as reflecting a narrow form of sovereign immunity that limited only the diversity jurisdiction of the federal courts.