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A moneyless economy or nonmonetary economy is a system for allocation of goods and services without payment of money. The simplest example is the family household. Other examples include barter economies, gift economies and primitive communism. Even in a monetary economy, there are a significant number of nonmonetary transactions.
In trade, barter (derived from bareter [1]) is a system of exchange in which participants in a transaction directly exchange goods or services for other goods or services without using a medium of exchange, such as money. [2]
In most developed countries, barter usually only exists parallel to monetary systems to a very limited extent. Market actors use barter as a replacement for money as the method of exchange in times of monetary crisis, such as when currency becomes unstable (e.g. by hyperinflation or a deflationary spiral) or simply unavailable for conducting ...
This page was last edited on 20 March 2008, at 14:48 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may ...
"Mutual credit" (sometimes called "multilateral barter" or "credit clearing") is a term mostly used in the field of complementary currencies to describe a common, usually small-scale, endogenous money system. The term implies that creditors and debtors are the same people lending to each other, but there are several nuances.
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IPS/UPS—Integrated Power System/United Power System, consisting of Independent Power Systems of 12 countries bordering Russia and the Unified Power System of Russia; IRC—ISO / RTO Council (electricity) IROL—Interconnection Reliability Operating Limit (electricity) IRP—Integrated resource planning; IRR—Internal Rate of Return (finance)
A subsystem of a computer or other electronic device that turns electric power from a wall plug or batteries into a form suitable for use by the system. power-system automation The implementation of power-operated switching and control that allows automatic operation of power system elements, instead of manual operation. power-system protection