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Finally, the rise in shared authorship may also reflect increased acknowledgment of the contributions of lower level workers, including graduate students and technicians, as well as honorary authorship, while allowing for such collaborations to make an independent statement about the quality and integrity of a scientific work.
In the 2000s, prestigious journals such as Nature began requiring authors to provide information about what their contributions were, [12] but there was no widely-used or machine-readable standard for this. In 2012, a draft taxonomy was created at a workshop held at Harvard involving biomedical scientists, publishers, and research funders.
A research statement is a summary of research achievements and a proposal for upcoming research. It often includes both current aims and findings, and future goals. Research statements are usually requested as part of a relevant job application process, and often assist in the identification of appropriate applicants.
A contribution claim is a claim brought by one or more defendants to a lawsuit for money damages brought by a plaintiff. [1] A contribution claim asserts the party (usually a defendant ) is entitled to "contribution" from a third party for any money damages awarded to the plaintiff.
In practice, changes in the market value of assets (negative) or liabilities (positive) are recognized as losses while, for example, interest or charitable contributions are recognized as other expenses. Income is the term generally used when referring to revenue and gains together. A separate term for the aggregation of expenses and losses ...
After dedicating his life to fighting the regime of Assad, Mazen Al-Hamada did not live to see it fall. A symbol of resilience and courage, the famous Syrian activist was found dead in the ...
Developer's Certificate of Origin 1.1 By making a contribution to this project, I certify that: (a) The contribution was created in whole or in part by me and I have the right to submit it under the open source license indicated in the file; or (b) The contribution is based upon previous work that, to the best of my knowledge, is covered under ...
Jameson Williams was facing an arrest. Then a police sergeant, and Lions fan, arrived. The near arrest reportedly occurred on Oct. 8, weeks before the PED suspension, when Williams and his brother ...