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The insulin receptor (IR) is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by insulin, IGF-I, IGF-II and belongs to the large class of receptor tyrosine kinase. [5] Metabolically, the insulin receptor plays a key role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis; a functional process that under degenerate conditions may result in a range of clinical manifestations including diabetes and cancer.
Officially, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) refers to these agents as insulin receptor ligands (because, like insulin itself, they are ligands of the insulin receptor), although they are usually just referred to as insulin analogs or even (loosely but commonly) just insulin (without further specification).
The receptor is a member of a family which consists of the insulin receptor and the IGF-2R (and their respective ligands IGF-1 and IGF-2), along with several IGF-binding proteins. IGF-1R and the insulin receptor both have a binding site for ATP, which is used to provide the phosphates for autophosphorylation. There is a 60% homology between IGF ...
Slight variations of the human insulin molecule are called insulin analogues, (technically "insulin receptor ligands") so named because they are not technically insulin, rather they are analogues which retain the hormone's glucose management functionality. They have absorption and activity characteristics not currently possible with ...
Transcription of insulin is regulated by the binding of various transcription factors to the ~400 base pairs before the insulin transcription start site, called the "insulin regulatory sequence". [1] This sequence is made up of several distinct regions with different biochemical properties, each of which serve as binding sites for distinct ...
The majority of these molecules are receptors for growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and hormones such as insulin. Most of these receptors will dimerize after binding with their ligands, in order to ...
Pages in category "Insulin receptor agonists" The following 28 pages are in this category, out of 28 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. C. Chaetochromin; I.
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) found on beta cells of the pancreas and on neurons of the brain. It is involved in the control of blood sugar level by enhancing insulin secretion. In humans it is synthesised by the gene GLP1R, which is present on chromosome 6.