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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), or abrineurin, [5] is a protein [6] that, in humans, is encoded by the BDNF gene. [7] [8] BDNF is a member of the neurotrophin family of growth factors, which are related to the canonical nerve growth factor (NGF), a family which also includes NT-3 and NT-4/NT-5.
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (formerly Lactobacillus arabinosus and Lactobacillus plantarum) [3] is a widespread member of the genus Lactiplantibacillus and commonly found in many fermented food products as well as anaerobic plant matter. [4] L. plantarum was first isolated from saliva. Based on its ability to temporarily persist in plants ...
Neurotrophic factors also promote the initial growth and development of neurons in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system, and they are capable of regrowing damaged neurons in test tubes and animal models. [1] [4] Some neurotrophic factors are also released by the target tissue in order to guide the growth of developing axons.
According to the United States National Library of Medicine's medical subject headings, the term neurotrophin may be used as a synonym for neurotrophic factor, [5] but the term neurotrophin is more generally reserved for four structurally related factors: nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4). [6]
Tropoflavin, also known as 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF), is a naturally occurring flavone found in Godmania aesculifolia, Tridax procumbens, and primula tree leaves. [2] [3] [4] It has been found to act as a potent and selective small-molecule agonist of the tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) (K d ≈ 320 nM), the main signaling receptor of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor ...
Tropomyosin receptor kinase B is the high affinity catalytic receptor for several "neurotrophins", which are small protein growth factors that induce the survival and differentiation of distinct cell populations. The neurotrophins that activate TrkB are: BDNF (Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor), neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3).
The GDNF family of ligands (GFL) consists of four neurotrophic factors: glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), neurturin (NRTN), artemin (ARTN), and persephin (PSPN). GFLs have been shown to play a role in a number of biological processes including cell survival, neurite outgrowth, cell differentiation and cell migration.
BDNF is a growth factor that has important roles in the survival and function of neurons in the central nervous system. The binding of BDNF to TrkB receptor causes many intracellular cascades to be activated, which regulate neuronal development and plasticity , long-term potentiation , and apoptosis .