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This requires them to increase their drug dosage to maintain the benefit, and that in turn also increases the unwanted side effects. [78] Long-term opioid use can cause opioid-induced hyperalgesia, which is a condition in which the patient has increased sensitivity to pain. [101] All of the opioids can cause side effects. [70]
Common side effects associated with opioid use include: sedation, nausea, dizziness, vomiting, constipation, physical dependence, tolerance, and potentially fatal respiratory depression. Of these the most common are constipation & nausea. There is no development of tolerance to constipation. [30]
troublesome side effects of oral morphine, hydromorphone, or oxycodone. [ 50 ] [ 51 ] When using the transdermal patch, patients must be careful to minimize or avoid external heat sources (direct sunlight, heating pads, etc.), which can trigger the release and absorption of too much medication and cause potentially deadly complications.
Potentially serious side effects of morphine include decreased respiratory effort, vomiting, and low blood pressure. [12] Morphine is highly addictive and prone to abuse . [ 12 ] If one's dose is reduced after long-term use, opioid withdrawal symptoms may occur. [ 12 ]
An opioid-dependent person should not receive naltrexone before detoxification. [8] It is taken orally or by injection into a muscle. [8] Effects begin within 30 minutes, [8] though a decreased desire for opioids may take a few weeks to occur. [8] Side effects may include trouble sleeping, anxiety, nausea, and headaches. [8]
It typically starts working after half an hour, with maximum effect at two hours. [4] Its effects last for about four to six hours. Codeine exhibits abuse potential similar to other opioid medications, including a risk of addiction and overdose. [4] Common side effects include vomiting, constipation, itchiness, lightheadedness, and drowsiness. [4]
Rare but serious side effects include rash, itching, yellowing of the skin, swelling of the face and throat, problems speaking, difficulty swallowing and changes in memory, personality or ability ...
A 2006 review found that controlled-release oxycodone is comparable to immediate-release oxycodone, morphine, and hydromorphone in management of moderate to severe cancer pain, with fewer side effects than morphine.